Chapter 5, electron structure

Question 1

Quanta?

Answer 1

Quantity of energy that electrons possess and so can only exist in certain quantised energy levels

Question 2

how are quantised energy levels labelled

Answer 2

with a principle quantum number, n: for example n=1

Question 3

what happens to energy of the shells and the shell number increases?

Answer 3

It increases

Question 4

What happens to the distance between energy levels as they increase

Answer 4

It decreases (they get closer together)

Question 5

maximum number for electrons in first 4 energy levels?

Answer 5

2,8,18,32

Question 6

How can electrons move between energy levels

Answer 6

by emitting or absorbing energy equal to the difference in energy between two energy levels: delta E

Question 7

Atomic orbital definition?

Answer 7

Make up shells, a region of space around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

Question 8

Different types of orbitals?

Answer 8

s,p,d,f they all have different shapes

Question 9

Atomic orbital in regard to probability?

Answer 9

Region where there there is the highest probability of finding electrons with a certain quanta of energy

Question 10

Shape of s orbitals

Answer 10

spherical

Question 11

As the shell number (n) increases the radius of the s orbital

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

what does an electron being further away from the nucleus mean

Answer 12

it has more energy

Question 13

what shape are p orbitals

Answer 13

3 separate dumbell shaped orbitals at right angles to each other

Question 14

As the shell number (n) increases the distance of the p orbital from the nucleus..

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

subshells?

Answer 15

orbitals of the same shape grouped together

Question 16

With which sub orbitals is there an abnormality

Answer 16

4s has less energy than 3d so should be filled before 3d is

Question 17

electrons with opposite spins

Answer 17

Electrons have up spin or down spin. Electrons occupying the same orbital must have opposite spins

Question 18

‘sitting on the bus’ when filling orbitals

Answer 18

when there are multiple of the same orbital, like 3 p orbitals, each orbital of the same energy should be occupied before spin pairing occurs in the first orbital

Question 19

s/p/d/f block elements

Answer 19

Elements on the periodic table with their highest energy electrons in s/p/d/f subshell respectively

Question 20

which elements can be included in shorthand notation

Answer 20

Only G8 bc they have full outer shells

Question 21

Exceptions to electron configuration?

Answer 21

Chromium and copper

Question 22

Electron configuration of chromium

Answer 22

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5 4s^1/ [Ar]3d^5 4s^1

Question 23

Electron configuration of copper

Answer 23

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^10 4s^1

Question 24

from where do ions of block d elements lose electrons first

Answer 24

From 4s before 3d despite the order of filling

Question 25

Ionic bonding definition

Answer 25

The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative ions

Question 26

Ground level?

Answer 26

Minimum/ typical energy level of electrons