Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science year 9 > Chapter 5 ( Ecosystems ) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 ( Ecosystems ) Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

A living thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Species

A

group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Population

A

group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Community

A

more than one population living in the same area at a particular time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ecosystem

A

communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ecology

A

the study of ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Producers

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Decomposers

A

organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Autotrophs

A

see producer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heterotrophs

A

See consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Consumer

A

organism that relies on other organisms for its food; also known as a heterotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Herbivore

A

animal that eats only plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary consumer

A

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Carnivores

A

Animal that eat other animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Omnivore

A

animal that eats plants and other animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Detritivores

A

animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ecological niche

A

the position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Competition

A

the struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parasitism

A

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competition between organisms of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Predator-prey relationship

A

relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Symbiotic relationship
very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners.
26
Distribution
the area inhabited by a plant or animal species
27
Density
the number of a species living within an area
28
Ecosystem
communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment
29
Biotic factor
the living things (organisms) in an ecosystem
30
Abiotic factor
the non-living features in an ecosystem
31
Tolerance range
range of an abiotic factor in the environment in which an organism can survive
32
Optimum
the range, within a tolerance range for a particular abiotic factor, in which an organism functions best
33
Biodiversity
the variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to a particular area
34
Sampling method
techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem
35
Transect
a sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
36
Quadrats
a sampling area, often one square metre, in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
37
Mark, release and recapture
a sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species
38
Root hairs
tube-like outgrowths of cells on the surface of roots. They have thin walls, which allow water and dissolved substances to move into the root.
39
Phloem vessels
long, narrow, living cells that are joined together to form long tubes in a plant. The tubes move the food made in the leaves to other parts of the plant, such as the roots and storage areas.
40
Xylem vessels
long narrow cells that are joined together to form long tubes in a plant. The tubes, made from xylem cells, move water and dissolved minerals up from the roots to the stem and leaves. The wood in a tree trunk consists mostly of dead xylem cells.
41
Vascular bundle
group of xylem and phloem vessels within a plant stem
42
Translocation
transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants
43
Transpiration stream
movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves
44
Transpiration
loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata
45
Organelles
small structure in a cell with a special function
46
Chloroplasts
oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.
47
Light energy
energy from the light of the sun, absorbed by plants and used in photosynthesis
48
Glucose
a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar
49
Flaccid
limp, not firm
50
Turgid
firm, distended
51
Stomata
pores that exchange gases found on the surface of leaves. They are bordered by guard cells that change the size of the opening of the stomata.
52
Guard cells
cells surrounding each stoma in a leaf enabling it to open or close depending on the availability of water
53
Stoma
small openings through which water transfer occurs, located mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Plural = stomata
54
Producers
organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph
55
Wind pollination
transfer of pollen from one flower to another by the wind
56
Vectors
an organism that carries a pathogen between other organisms without being affected by the disease the pathogen causes; an organism that carries and disperses reproductive structures (e.g. pollen) of a different species
57
Fat
an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
58
Metabolism
the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells
59
Cellular respiration
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
60
Aerobic respiration
the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.
61
Mitochondria
small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.
62
Anaerobic respiration
the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
63
Lactic acid
an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate
64
Ethanol
an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol
65
Chemosynthetic
describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light
66
Food chains
diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another
67
Tropic level
a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid
68
Energy pyramid
a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

Science year 9 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions