Chapter 5- Digestive System 1 Flashcards
1
Q
4 main functions of the digestive system
A
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Elimination
2
Q
Define ingestion
A
Food material taken into the mouth
3
Q
Define digestion
A
Food Brocken down chemically and mechanically as it travels through the digestive system
4
Q
Bucc/o
A
Cheek
5
Q
Cheil/o
A
Lips
6
Q
Labi/o
A
Lips
7
Q
Palat/o
A
Soft/hard palate
8
Q
Uvu/o
A
Uvula
9
Q
Tonsil/o
A
Tonsils
10
Q
Gingiv/o
A
Gums
11
Q
Denti/o
A
Teeth
12
Q
Odont/o
A
Teeth
13
Q
Define deglutition
A
Swallowing- to swallow
14
Q
Dent “crown” of a tooth
A
The visible part of the tooth above the gum line - enamel & dentin mostly
15
Q
Define “root” of a tooth
A
Part of the tooth below the gum line
16
Q
Label the tooth
A
17
Q
Label the nose mouth & throat
A
18
Q
Label the stomach
A
19
Q
Functions of the liver in the digestive system
A
- Produces bile
- helps maintain blood glucose levels
- makes blood proteins needed for clotting
- removes toxins and poisons from the blood
20
Q
Label the large intestine
A
21
Q
Label these abdominal organs
A
22
Q
Hyperbilirubnemia
A
Direct translation: In the blood there is excess bilirubin
Bilirubm cannot exit the body through the bloodstream causing jaundice
23
Q
What 2 things does the pancreas produce
A
- Insulin
- Enzymes
24
Q
What is the first part of the large intestine called (where the small intestine meets the large intestine )
A
Cecum
25
Term that means "to swallow"
Deglutition
26
Absorption
Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream
27
Amino acids
Small building blocks of proteins - released when proteins are digested
28
Amylase
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch
29
Anus
Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to outside the body
30
Appendix
Pouch-like Organ hanging from the serum
31
Bile
Digester juice made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, breaks up fat globules
32
What 3 things make up bile
-Bile pigments
- cholesterol
- bile salts
33
Bilirubin
Pigment released by the over in bile
34
Bowel
Intestine
35
Canine teeth
Pointed dog-like teeth aka eyeteeth
36
Cecum
First part of the large intestine
37
Colon
All parts of the Large intestine excluding the cecum
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid
38
Common bile duct
Carries bile from the over to gallbladder to duodenum
39
defication
Elmnation of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
40
Deglutition
Swallowing
41
Digestion
The break down of foods both mechanically and chemically into simpler forms
42
Duodenum
First part of the small intestine
43
Emulsification
Physical processor breaking down large fat globules into smaller globules
44
Enamel
Hard outer layer of teeth
45
Enzyme
Chemical that speeds up reactions between substances - names of enzymes alwase end in -ase
46
Esophagus
Tube connecting mouth to stomach
47
Fatty acids
Substance produce when fats are digested
48
Feces
Solid waste - stool
49
Gallbladder
Sac like organ under the liver - stores bile
50
Glucose
Simple sugar
51
Glycogen
Starch - glucose stored on the form of glycogen in the liver cells
52
Hydrochloric acid
Substance produced in the stomach- necessary for the digestion of food
53
Ileum
Third part of the small intestine
54
Incisor
One of four front teeth
55
Insulin
Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas - transported from the blood to cells stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
56
57
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestine
58
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme heeded to digest fats
59
Liver
Largest organ in the abdomen
- secretes bile and blood proteins
- stores sugar, iron, and vitamins
- destroys worn out RBC’s
- filters out toxins
60
Lower esophageal sphincter
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach
61
Mastication
Chewing
62
Molar teeth
3 teeth at the back of the mouth
63
Palate
Roof of the mouth
64
Papillae
Small projections on the tongue
65
Parotid gland
Salivary gland within the cheek just anterior to the ear
66
Peristalsis
Rhythmic contractions of the tabular organs
67
Pharynx
Throat, Common passageway for food from the moth and air from the nose
68
Portal vein
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
69
Protease
Enzyme that digests protein
70
Pulp
Soft tissue within the tooth containing nerves & blood vessels
71
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscles at the end of the stomach near the duodenum
72
Pylorus
Distal region of the stomach opening to the duodenum
73
Rectum
Large section of the large intestine connecting the end of the colon to the anus
74
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and wall of the stomach
75
Saliva
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands: contains amalase
76
Sigmoid colon
Last s-shape segment of the colon just before the rectum
77
Sphincter
Creator ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
78
Stomach
Muscular that mechanically and chemically digests fond received from the esophagus
79
Triglycerides
Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol
80
Uvula
. Soft tissue hangman the middle of the soft palate
81
Villi
Microscopic projections on the inner wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
82
Anorexia
Lack of appetite
83
Define anastomoses
Surgically connecting two structures
84
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
85
Borborygmi
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the GI tract due to movement of gas, and/or fluid
86
Constipation
Difficulty passing stool
87
Diarrhea
Frequent passing of lose, watery stool
88
Dysphasia
Difficulty swallowing
89
Eructation
Burping-gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
90
Hematochezia
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
91
Flatus
Farts-gas expelled through the anus
92
Jaundice (icterus)
Yellow-orange colouration of skin and eye whites due to high bilirubin levels in the blood
93
Melena
Black tarry stools - feces containing digested blood
94
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit
95
Steatorrhea
Fat in the pieces; frothy foul smelling fecal matter
96
Aphthous stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
97
Dental caries
Tooth decay
98
Hermetic stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus
99
Oral leukoplakia
White plaques or patches
100
Periodontal disease
Int plamation and degeneration of the gums, teeth and surrounding bone
101
Achalasia
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax
102
Esophageal cancer
Malignant tumor of the esophagus
103
Gastric carcinoma
Malignant tumor of the stomach
104
Esophageal varies
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
105
Gastroesophagel reflux disease
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
106
Peptic ulcer
Open sore/lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
107
Hernia
Protrusion of an organ through the muscles normally containing it
108
Anal fistula
And normal tube like passage way near the anus
109
Colonic polyposis
Polyps prodrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
110
Colorectal cancer
Aden carcinoma of the colon and/or anus
111
Crohn's disease
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
112
Diverticulosis
Abnormal side pockets (out pouching) in the intestinal wall
113
Desentery
Painful inflamed intestines
114
Hemorrhoids
Stolen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
115
Ileum
Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction in the intestines
116
IBD
Inflammation of the colon, and small intestine
117
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines
118
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome - group of gf problems associated with stress and tension
119
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colors with presence of ulcers
120
Volvulus
Twisting of the intestines on themselves
121
Cirrhosis
Chronic degenerative condition of the liver
122
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cancer
123
Pancreatic cancer
Malignant tumor in/on the pancreas
124
Viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
125
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones in the gallbladder
