Chapter 5 Definitions

Question 0

Loose combination of DNA and and protein that is present during interphase

Answer 0

Chromatin

Question 1

Pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

Cell cycle

Question 3

The process that divides the cell cytoplasm

Answer 3

Cytokinesis

Question 4

Region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis

Answer 4

Centromere

Question 5

Long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information

Answer 5

Chromosome

Question 6

One half of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 6

Chromatid

Question 8

Second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosome along the cell equator

Answer 8

Metaphase

Question 10

Programmed cell death

Answer 10

Apoptosis

Question 11

Repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent the loss of genes

Answer 11

Telomeres

Question 12

The third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Answer 12

Anaphase

Question 13

Broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division

Answer 13

Growth factors

Question 14

Substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer

Answer 14

Carcinogens

Question 15

Protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps

Answer 15

Histone

Question 16

To spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body

Answer 16

Metastasize

Question 17

Last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil and the spindle fibers disassemble

Answer 17

Telophase

Question 18

The common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

Answer 18

Cancer

Question 20

Two or more organs that work to carry out similar functions

Answer 20

Organ system

Question 21

Having no dangerous effect on health especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous

Answer 21

Benign

Question 22

Cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated

Answer 22

Stem cells

Question 23

Group of cells that work together to perform a similar function

Answer 23

Tissues

Question 24

Cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism’s health

Answer 24

Malignant

Question 25

Group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions

Answer 25

Organ

Question 27

Process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and function

Answer 27

Cell differentiation

Question 29

Process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes

Answer 29

Asexual production

Question 30

Asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two equal parts

Answer 30

Binary fission

Question 31

The division of the cell nucleus and its contents

Answer 31

Mitosis

Question 34

First phase of mitosis when chromatid condenses, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleons disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell.

Answer 34

Prophase