Chapter 5 - Civil Rights

Question 1

affirmative action

Answer 1

a policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination

Question 2

busing

Answer 2

in the context of civil rights, the transportation of public school students from areas where they live to schools in other areas to eliminate school segregation based on residential racial patterns.

Question 3

black codes

Answer 3

laws passed by southern states immediately after the civil war denying most legal rights to freed slaves

Question 4

civil obedience

Answer 4

a nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws

Question 5

de facto segregation

Answer 5

racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns.

Question 6

de jure segregation

Answer 6

racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies

Question 7

grandfather clause

Answer 7

a device used by Southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867.

Question 8

jim crow laws

Answer 8

laws enacted by Southern states that enforced segregation in schools, in transportation, and in public accommodations

Question 9

separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 9

the 1896 doctrine holding that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate the equal protection clause

Question 10

white primary

Answer 10

a state primary election that restricts voting to whites only; outlawed by the supreme court in 1944