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Chapter 5 > Chapter 5 - Cell organelles > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cell organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A 
No nucleus 
bacteria, archea 
smaller in size 
only organelles are ribosomes 
primitive
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2
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A 
Have nucleus 
Protists 
Fungi
Plants 
animals 
more complex 
larger in cells
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3
Q

Animal Cells only

A 
Lysosomes
Centrioles 
Flagella, Cilia 
Desmosomes, tight and gap junctions 
Extracellular Matrix
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4
Q

Plant Cell only

A

Central Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Cell wall of cellulose
Plasmodestmata

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5
Q

Why do cells have to be small?

A

maintain a larger surface area to volume ratio

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6
Q

ex. of surface area

A

small intestine: highly folded surface to increase absorption of nutrients

root hairs- increases surface area to absorb more water and minerals

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7
Q

Nucleus Function

A 
Control of cell 
contain dna 
surrounded by double membrane 
continuous with the rough ER 
BOTH
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8
Q

Nuclear Pores

A

control what enters and leaves nucleus

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9
Q

chromatin

A

complex of dna and proteins which make up chromosomes

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10
Q

nucleolus

A

inside nucleus, makes ribosomes

BOTH

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

makes proteins
composed of rRNA and protein
BOTH

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12
Q

Types of Ribosome

A

free ribosomes- float in cytosol, produce proteins used within cell
bound ribosomes- attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell

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13
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Rough ER

Smooth ER

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14
Q

Rough ER

A

ribosomes on surface- package proteins for secretion, send transport vesicles to golf, make replacement membrane
BOTH

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15
Q

Smooth ER

A

no ribosomes on surface- detoxification produce lipids, etc.
BOTH

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16
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

modify and add
(UPS)
package proteins and ship to appropriate locations in cell
BOTH

17
Q

Cis face

A

Receive vesicles

18
Q

trans face

A

ships vesicles

19
Q

vacuoles

A

storage of materials (makes up 90% of plant cells) PLANT

20
Q

Lysosomes

A 
Intercellular digestion (suicide sac) 
break down digestive enzymes 
apoptosis ANIMAL
21
Q

Mitochondria

A

site of cellular respiration

BOTH

22
Q

Mitochondria double membrane:

A

outer and inner

23
Q

mitochondria cristae and matrix

A

cristae- folds of inner membrane
contains enzymes for ATP
high surface area
matrix- fluid filled inner compartment

24
Q

Chloroplasts (plant only)

A 
site of photosynthesis 
double membrane 
thylakoid disks in stacks (grana)
stroma (fluid) 
contains chlorophyll- makes it green 
PLANTS
25
Q

Endosymbiotic theory

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts share similar origin

pro. cells engulfed by ancestors of Euk. cells.

26
Q

Evidence of endo. theory

A

mitochondria had
double membrane structure
have own ribosomes and dna
reproduce independently within cell

27
Q

cytoskeleton

A

network of protein fibers
function; support, motility, regulate biochemical activities
ANIMAL

28
Q

peroxisomes

A

organelle that houses reactions that peroxide are formed and converted to water

BOTH

29
Q

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

holds cells together
outside plasma membrane
composed of glycoproteins (collagen)
strengthens tissues and transmits external signals to cell

30
Q

Intercellular junctions (animal cells)

A

tight junctions- 2 cells are fused to form watertight seal
desmosomes: rivets that fasten cells into strong sheets
gap junctions: channels through which ions, sugars, small molecules can pass

31
Q

Plant cells

A

do not have cytoskeleton
do have cell wall (composed of cellulose)
plasmodesmata; channels between cells to allow passage of molecules

32
Q

plasma membrane

A

the membrane that surrounds the cell, regulating the entry and exit of molecules and ions. Every cell has one
BOTH

33
Q

plasmodesma

A

a cytoplasmic strand connection two adjacent plant cells
(plas to mold, desmos to band)
PLANT

34
Q

vesicle

A

within the cytoplasm, a membrane en closed compartment that is associated with other organelles - You can think of vesicles as cellular envelopes that are used to transport materials from one place to another.
BOTH

35
Q

gap junction

A

a 2.7 nanometer gap between plasma membranes of two animal cells, spanned by protein channels. Allow chemical substances or eccentric signals to pass from cell to cell
ANIMAL

36
Q

nuclear envelope

A

a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
ANIMAL

37
Q

cell wall

A

structure that encloses cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most prokaryotes and which gives these cells their shape and limits expansion in hypertonic media
PLANT

38
Q

centriole

A

The main function of the centriole is to help with cell division in animal cells. The centrioles help in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during cell division (mitosis).
ANIMAL

39
Q

what are the advantages to eukaryotic cells having membrane bound organelles?

A

traffic regulator

Chapter 5 (1 decks)

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