Chapter 5: Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What is the most common mental health condition in the United States?
Anxiety Disorders
What is anxiety?
Tension, worry, and psychological reactivity that is anticipatory
How is anxiety different from fear?
It is anticipatory whereas fear is in the present
What is an anxiety disorder?
Unfounded, clinically significant distress where anxiety symptoms affect day-to-day functioning
What is comorbid with anxiety disorders?
Commonly, depression and substance abuse
Why do we use multipath model to explain anxiety disorders?
Single etiological model doesn’t explain variation in response
What is the most common mental disorder in the US?
Phobias
What is a phobia?
Strong, persistent unwarranted fear of a specific object or situation
Extreme anxiety or panic is expressed
What is the main difference between how adults and children process a phobia?
Most adults recognize fear is excessive, but children may not
What are the categories of phobias?
Social anxiety disorder
Specific phobias
Agoraphobia
What is social anxiety disorder?
Intense fear of being scrutinized or doing something embarrassing or humiliating in the presence of others, can be chronic and disabling
Which gender is more likely to have social anxiety disorder?
Women twice as likely as men
What is comorbid with social anxiety disorder?
Major depressive disorder
Substance-use disorders
Suicidal thoughts or attempts
What is performance type social anxiety disorder?
Social anxiety when performing something, like during a presentation
What is specific phobia?
Extreme fear of a specific object or situation
Exposure to stimulus nearly always produces intense anxiety or panic attack
What are the primary types of specific phobia with examples?
Living creatures - Arachnophobia
Environmental conditions - Claustrophobia
Blood/injection or injury - Trypanophobia
Situational factors - Agoraphobia
What is agoraphobia?
Intense fear of at least 2 of the following because escape or help may not be readily available:
Being outside of home alone
Traveling via public transportation
Being in open spaces
Being in stores or theatres
Standing in line or being in a crowd
In some cases, people refuse to leave the home due to fear of a panic attack
What is panic disorder?
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks combined with apprehension about having another attack or behavior changes designed to avoid having another attack
Reactions should be present for at least a month
What are some symptoms of panic disorder?
Sense of impending doom or danger
Fear of loss of control or death
Rapid, pounding heart rate
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Shortness of breath or tightness in your throat
Chills
Hot flashes
Nausea
Abdominal cramping
Chest pain
Headache
Dizziness, lightheadedness or faintness
Numbness or tingling sensation
Feeling of unreality or detachment
What do many people with panic disorder also develop?
Agoraphobia
Where are panic disorders more common?
In high-income countries
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive, difficult-to-control worry over life circumstances
Symptoms must be present on the majority of days for 6 months and cause significant impairment in life activities
What is an obsession?
Consistent, anxiety producing thoughts or images
For example, contamination, errors or uncertainty, unwanted impulses, orderliness
What is a compulsion?
Overwhelming need to engage in activities or mental acts to counteract anxiety or prevent occurrence of dreaded event
For example, hand washing, checking, or ordering objects
Which gender are obsessive compulsive disorders common in in childhood?
Boys
Which gender are obsessive compulsive disorders common in in adolescence and adulthood?
Women
What is hoarding disorder?
Inability to discard items regardless of value and a perceived need for items
Distress over thought of giving/ throwing away
Accumulation of items produce congestion and clutter
Causes distress/impairment in life activities
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Preoccupation with a perceived defect in physical appearance
Repetitive behavior ( to hide or conceal defect)
Distress/ impairment in life activities
Up to 60% undergo unnecessary cosmetic surgeries
Muscle dysmorphia
What is trichotillomania?
Recurrent and frequent hair-pulling despite repeated attempts to stop
What is excoriation?
Skin-picking disorder - behavior causes clinically significant distress or impairment and when there are repeated unsuccessful attempts to decrease or stop
