Chapter 5: Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

What is the most common mental health condition in the United States?

Answer 1

Anxiety Disorders

Question 2

What is anxiety?

Answer 2

Tension, worry, and psychological reactivity that is anticipatory

Question 3

How is anxiety different from fear?

Answer 3

It is anticipatory whereas fear is in the present

Question 4

What is an anxiety disorder?

Answer 4

Unfounded, clinically significant distress where anxiety symptoms affect day-to-day functioning

Question 5

What is comorbid with anxiety disorders?

Answer 5

Commonly, depression and substance abuse

Question 6

Why do we use multipath model to explain anxiety disorders?

Answer 6

Single etiological model doesn’t explain variation in response

Question 7

What is the most common mental disorder in the US?

Answer 7

Phobias

Question 8

What is a phobia?

Answer 8

Strong, persistent unwarranted fear of a specific object or situation
Extreme anxiety or panic is expressed

Question 9

What is the main difference between how adults and children process a phobia?

Answer 9

Most adults recognize fear is excessive, but children may not

Question 10

What are the categories of phobias?

Answer 10

Social anxiety disorder
Specific phobias
Agoraphobia

Question 11

What is social anxiety disorder?

Answer 11

Intense fear of being scrutinized or doing something embarrassing or humiliating in the presence of others, can be chronic and disabling

Question 12

Which gender is more likely to have social anxiety disorder?

Answer 12

Women twice as likely as men

Question 13

What is comorbid with social anxiety disorder?

Answer 13

Major depressive disorder
Substance-use disorders
Suicidal thoughts or attempts

Question 14

What is performance type social anxiety disorder?

Answer 14

Social anxiety when performing something, like during a presentation

Question 15

What is specific phobia?

Answer 15

Extreme fear of a specific object or situation
Exposure to stimulus nearly always produces intense anxiety or panic attack

Question 16

What are the primary types of specific phobia with examples?

Answer 16

Living creatures - Arachnophobia
Environmental conditions - Claustrophobia
Blood/injection or injury - Trypanophobia
Situational factors - Agoraphobia

Question 17

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 17

Intense fear of at least 2 of the following because escape or help may not be readily available:
Being outside of home alone
Traveling via public transportation
Being in open spaces
Being in stores or theatres
Standing in line or being in a crowd

In some cases, people refuse to leave the home due to fear of a panic attack

Question 18

What is panic disorder?

Answer 18

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks combined with apprehension about having another attack or behavior changes designed to avoid having another attack
Reactions should be present for at least a month

Question 19

What are some symptoms of panic disorder?

Answer 19

Sense of impending doom or danger
Fear of loss of control or death
Rapid, pounding heart rate
Sweating
Trembling or shaking
Shortness of breath or tightness in your throat
Chills
Hot flashes
Nausea
Abdominal cramping
Chest pain
Headache
Dizziness, lightheadedness or faintness
Numbness or tingling sensation
Feeling of unreality or detachment

Question 20

What do many people with panic disorder also develop?

Answer 20

Agoraphobia

Question 21

Where are panic disorders more common?

Answer 21

In high-income countries

Question 22

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 22

Persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive, difficult-to-control worry over life circumstances
Symptoms must be present on the majority of days for 6 months and cause significant impairment in life activities

Question 23

What is an obsession?

Answer 23

Consistent, anxiety producing thoughts or images
For example, contamination, errors or uncertainty, unwanted impulses, orderliness

Question 24

What is a compulsion?

Answer 24

Overwhelming need to engage in activities or mental acts to counteract anxiety or prevent occurrence of dreaded event
For example, hand washing, checking, or ordering objects

Question 25

Which gender are obsessive compulsive disorders common in in childhood?

Answer 25

Boys

Question 26

Which gender are obsessive compulsive disorders common in in adolescence and adulthood?

Answer 26

Women

Question 27

What is hoarding disorder?

Answer 27

Inability to discard items regardless of value and a perceived need for items
Distress over thought of giving/ throwing away
Accumulation of items produce congestion and clutter
Causes distress/impairment in life activities

Question 28

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Answer 28

Preoccupation with a perceived defect in physical appearance
Repetitive behavior ( to hide or conceal defect)
Distress/ impairment in life activities
Up to 60% undergo unnecessary cosmetic surgeries
Muscle dysmorphia

Question 29

What is trichotillomania?

Answer 29

Recurrent and frequent hair-pulling despite repeated attempts to stop

Question 30

What is excoriation?

Answer 30

Skin-picking disorder - behavior causes clinically significant distress or impairment and when there are repeated unsuccessful attempts to decrease or stop