chapter 5 and 6 weathering and sedimentary rocks

Question 1

Weathering, mass wasting, and erosion are called ________ because they occur at or near Earth’s surface and are powered by energy from the Sun

Answer 1

external processes

Question 2

Earth is a dynamic body. Some parts
of Earth’s surface are gradually elevated by mountain building and volcanic activity. These __________ derive their energy from Earth’s interior.

Answer 2

internal processes

Question 3

The physical breakdown (disintegration) and chemical alteration(decomposition) of rocks at or near Earth’s surface.

Answer 3

Weathering

Question 4

the transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity.

Answer 4

Mass wasting

Question 5

the physical removal of material by mobile agents such as water, wind, or ice.

Answer 5

Erosion

Question 6

After water works its way into the cracks in rock, the freezing water enlarges the cracks and angular fragments are eventually produced.

Answer 6

Frost wedging

Question 7

Driving factors of erosion

Answer 7

ice, wind, water, gravity

Question 8

____ transport sediment

Answer 8

erosional agents

Question 9

_____ and _____ weathering break down rock

Answer 9

chemical and mechanical

Question 10

deposition occurs when _____

Answer 10

solid particles settle out or ions precipitate.

Question 11

burial and transformation into sedimentary rock

Answer 11

diagenesis

Question 12

it may be an accumulation of material that originates and is transported as solid particles derived from both mechanical and chemical weathering. Deposits of this type are termed _____, and the sedimentary rocks that they form are called _____ sedimentary rocks.

Answer 12

detrital

Question 13

source of sediment is soluble material produced largely by chemical weathering. When these ions in solution are precipitated by either inorganic or biologic processes, the material is known
as _________, and the rocks
formed from it are called _______ sedimentary rocks.

Answer 13

chemical sediment, chemical

Question 14

coal is an example of

Answer 14

organic sedimentary rocks

Question 15

refers to the process by which solid materials settle out of a fluid or suspension and accumulate on a surface.

Answer 15

deposition

Question 16

Driving forces of Deposition

Answer 16

-glaciers
-wind
-rivers
-moraine/glacial till

Question 17

permeability

Answer 17

how well fluids flow through rocks

Question 18

porosity

Answer 18

pore space between grains

Question 19

What kind of rocks does a petroleum geologist look for?

Answer 19

-reservoir
-seal
-source

Question 20

The thinning of the basin due to the plates stretching apart

Answer 20

syrift

Question 21

Consequence of the cooling of the plate

Answer 21

postrift

Question 22

Divergent plate boundary creating a rift leading to the creation of a ____________

Answer 22

sedimentary basin

Question 23

A subducting plate is so old that it moves in the opposite direction it is subducting in, forcing the secondary plate to move in that direction too, pulling it thin

Answer 23

back arc extension

Question 24

The formation of a mountain range pulls down the continental plate, forming a depression

Answer 24

Foreland/compressional basin

Question 25

A transform plate boundary with a bend in it diverges, causing the two bends to diverge from eachother, forming a basin

Answer 25

pull apart basin

Question 26

subsidence occurs over thinned crust at the edge of an ocean base

Answer 26

passive margin basin

Question 27

A point where layers of sediment do not line up parallels to one another , caused by deformation and erosion

Answer 27

Angular unconformity

Question 28

refers to the available area or volume within a sedimentary basin where sediment can accumulate

Answer 28

accommodation space