Chapter 5 and 6

Question 1

Information transfer at a synapse

Answer 1

Synaptic Transmission

Question 2

Allows direct transfer of ionic current via connexon receptors (Occurs at gap junctions)

Answer 2

Electrical Synapses

Question 3

Section of the presynaptic plasma membrane where exocytosis occurs

Answer 3

Active Zones

Question 4

Motor neuron synapse onto a muscle fiber

Answer 4

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 5

Transmitter at muscles; in brain, involved in learning, etc

Answer 5

Acetylcholine

Question 6

Involved in mood, sleep and arousal, aggression, depression, OCD, and alcoholism

Answer 6

Serotonin

Question 7

Contributes to movement control and promotes reinforcing effects of food, sex, and abused drugs (Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease)

Answer 7

Dopamine

Question 8

A hormone released during stress. Functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain to increase arousal and attentiveness to events in the environment; involved in depression

Answer 8

Norepinephrine

Question 9

Stress hormone related to norepinephrine; plays a minor role as a neurotransmitter in the brain

Answer 9

Epinephrine

Question 10

Principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. Vitally involved in learning and implicated in schizophrenia

Answer 10

Glutamate

Question 11

Predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter. Receptors respond to alcohol and benzodiazepines. Deficiency is one cause of epilepsy

Answer 11

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 12

Inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord and lower brain.

Answer 12

Glycine

Question 13

Neuromodulators that reduce pain and enhance reinforcement

Answer 13

Endorphins

Question 14

Transmitter in neurons sensitive to pain

Answer 14

Substance P

Question 15

Initiates eating and produces metabolic shifts

Answer 15

Neuropeptide Y

Question 16

Serves as retrograde transmitter

Answer 16

Nitric Oxide

Question 17

Transient postsynaptic membrane depolarization caused by presynaptic release of neurotransmitter

Answer 17

EPSP

Question 18

Transient hyperpolarization of postsynaptic membrane potential caused by presynaptic release of neurotransmitter

Answer 18

IPSP

Question 19

Binding of NT activates the receptor that acts as an enzyme

Answer 19

G-protein Coupled Receptor

Question 20

Receptors for the same transmitter released by the neuron

Answer 20

Autoreceptors

Question 21

Has the best chemical “fit” (highest affinity); attaches readily to the receptor, and produces significant biological effect

Answer 21

Receptor Agonist

Question 22

Fits receptors but produces no cellular effect (low efficacy)

Answer 22

Receptor Agonists

Question 23

Has intermediate efficacy

Answer 23

Partial agonists

Question 24

Initiates a biological action that is opposite to that produced by an agonist

Answer 24

Inverse agonists

Question 25

Process by which multiple synaptic potentials combine within one postsynaptic neuron

Answer 25

Synaptic Integration

Question 26

Elementary units of synaptic transmission

Answer 26

Synaptic vesicles

Question 27

Individual unit

Answer 27

Quantum

Question 28

Used to determine number of vesicles that release during neurotransmission

Answer 28

Quantal analysis

Question 29

Multiple excitatory post synaptic potentials produced from the same synapse

Answer 29

Temporal summation