Chapter 5 and 6

Question 1

Know and be able to identify all the parts of the digestive system, including all the parts of the small and large intestines. Know the combining forms for each part (e.g. ile/o; jejun/o; duoden/o; etc.)

Answer 1

ile/o: ileum
jejun/o: jejunum
duoden/o: duodenum

Question 2

Know the anatomy of a tooth. Which part contains a rich blood supply and nerve supply?

Question 3

Know the roles of the following enzymes: lipase and amylase.

Answer 3

Lipase → an enzyme the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines
Amylase → an enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.

Question 4

What is a sphincter?

Answer 4

a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube, such as the anus or the openings of the stomach.

Question 5

What do the following combining forms mean? Stomat/o and cheil/o?

Answer 5

Stomat/o - mouth
Cheil/o - lip

Question 6

What is the term for a salivary gland? How would you chart if someone had a stone in a salivary gland (what is the term you would use?)

Answer 6

Term for Stone is salivary gland is: sialolithiasis
Term for salivary gland is: Parotid glands, submandibular glands,sublingual glands

Question 7

What is mesentery?

Answer 7

a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place

Question 8

If someone had surgery where a new opening was made from the large bowel to the surface of the body, how would you write the name of this procedure?

Answer 8

A colostomy

Question 9

What is steatorrhea?

Answer 9

excess fat in your stool (poop.)

Question 10

What is another term for jaundice?

Answer 10

icterus

Question 11

Swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus are known as?

Answer 11

Esophageal varices

Question 12

What are diverticula? What is diverticulitis?

Answer 12

Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system.
When one or more of the pouches become inflamed, and in some cases infected, that condition is known as diverticulitis

Question 13

What are the following conditions: volvulus; anal fistula; intussusception; ileus; hiatal hernia?

Answer 13

volvulus - abnormal twisting of part of the large or small intestine
Anal fistula - a small tunnel that develops between the end of the bowel and the skin near the opening of the bottom (anus).
Intussusception - a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine.
ileus - Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
hiatal hernia - a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening of the diaphragm into the chest.

Question 14

What do the following terms mean: regurgitation; flatus; nausea; eructation; dysphagia?

Answer 14

Regurgitation -> A backward flowing
Flatus-> Gas in the digestive tract
Nausea ->Stomach queasiness, the urge to comit
Eructation ->Burping or belching
Dysphagia ->Swallowing difficulties

Question 15

What is Crohn disease?

Answer 15

Inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. ​

Question 16

What are the three sets of salivary glands and where is each found?

Answer 16

Parotid glands are found in front of and just below each ear. Submandibular glands are below the jaw. Sublingual glands are under the tongue.

Question 17

You read in a patient’s chart that they are receiving parenteral nutrition. What does this mean?

Answer 17

intravenous administration of nutrition, which may include protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and electrolytes, vitamins and other trace elements for patients who cannot eat or absorb enough food through tube feeding formula or by mouth to maintain good nutrition status.

Question 18

What is the term used to describe black, tarry stool?

Answer 18

melena

Question 19

What is dysentery?

Answer 19

Dysentery is an infectious form of diarrhea. Caused by shigella bacteria.

Question 20

What is the term for a new opening between two parts of the jejunum?

Answer 20

Gastrojejunostomy

Question 21

What are the following conditions: pyloric stenosis; gastric ulcer; hiatal hernia; achalasia?

Answer 21

Pyloric stenosis: Narrowing of the distal gastric sphincter
Gastric Ulcer: open sores that occur on the lining of your stomach
Hiatal Hernia:
Achalasia: failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Question 22

What is splenorrhagia?

Answer 22

Hemorrhage from a ruptured spleen.

Question 23

What are the following test used for: transhepatic cholangiography; barium enema; upper GI series; gastric endoscopy?

Answer 23

Transhepatic cholangiography:

Barium enema: x-ray examination of the lower gastrointestinal tract

Upper GI series: x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after administering barium by mouth

Gastric endoscopy: can be used to identify disorders or problems such as: GERD

Question 24

What do the following suffixes mean: -ectasis; -stenosis; -ptysis; -spasm; -stasis; -lysis?

Answer 24

-ectasis dilation, widening
-stenosis narrowing, tightening
-ptysis spitting
-spasm uncontrolled muscle contraction
-stasis stopping, controlling
-lysis separation;destruction

Question 25

What does periodontal mean? What is a gingivectomy?

Answer 25

periodontal-relating to or affecting the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth.
the surgical removal of gum tissue

Question 26

What is an abnormal condition of the lip known as?

Answer 26

Cheilosis

Question 27

Spitting up blood is known as _____________.

Answer 27

hemoptysis

Question 28

What is dysphagia?

Answer 28

Difficulty swallowing

Question 29

What is atresia?

Answer 29

Not open

Question 30

What is herniorrhaphy?

Answer 30

Suture (repair) of a hernia

Question 31

Bursting forth of blood is known as _______________________.

Answer 31

Hemorrhage

Question 32

What does choledochal mean?

Answer 32

Pertaining to the common bile duct

Question 33

What is a glossotomy?

Answer 33

Incision of the tongue