Chapter 5 and 6 Flashcards
Know and be able to identify all the parts of the digestive system, including all the parts of the small and large intestines. Know the combining forms for each part (e.g. ile/o; jejun/o; duoden/o; etc.)
ile/o: ileum
jejun/o: jejunum
duoden/o: duodenum
Know the anatomy of a tooth. Which part contains a rich blood supply and nerve supply?
Know the roles of the following enzymes: lipase and amylase.
Lipase → an enzyme the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines
Amylase → an enzyme, found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid, that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars.
What is a sphincter?
a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube, such as the anus or the openings of the stomach.
What do the following combining forms mean? Stomat/o and cheil/o?
Stomat/o - mouth
Cheil/o - lip
What is the term for a salivary gland? How would you chart if someone had a stone in a salivary gland (what is the term you would use?)
Term for Stone is salivary gland is: sialolithiasis
Term for salivary gland is: Parotid glands, submandibular glands,sublingual glands
What is mesentery?
a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place
If someone had surgery where a new opening was made from the large bowel to the surface of the body, how would you write the name of this procedure?
A colostomy
What is steatorrhea?
excess fat in your stool (poop.)
What is another term for jaundice?
icterus
Swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus are known as?
Esophageal varices
What are diverticula? What is diverticulitis?
Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system.
When one or more of the pouches become inflamed, and in some cases infected, that condition is known as diverticulitis
What are the following conditions: volvulus; anal fistula; intussusception; ileus; hiatal hernia?
volvulus - abnormal twisting of part of the large or small intestine
Anal fistula - a small tunnel that develops between the end of the bowel and the skin near the opening of the bottom (anus).
Intussusception - a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine.
ileus - Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
hiatal hernia - a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening of the diaphragm into the chest.
What do the following terms mean: regurgitation; flatus; nausea; eructation; dysphagia?
Regurgitation -> A backward flowing
Flatus-> Gas in the digestive tract
Nausea ->Stomach queasiness, the urge to comit
Eructation ->Burping or belching
Dysphagia ->Swallowing difficulties
What is Crohn disease?
Inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
What are the three sets of salivary glands and where is each found?
Parotid glands are found in front of and just below each ear. Submandibular glands are below the jaw. Sublingual glands are under the tongue.
You read in a patient’s chart that they are receiving parenteral nutrition. What does this mean?
intravenous administration of nutrition, which may include protein, carbohydrate, fat, minerals and electrolytes, vitamins and other trace elements for patients who cannot eat or absorb enough food through tube feeding formula or by mouth to maintain good nutrition status.
What is the term used to describe black, tarry stool?
melena
What is dysentery?
Dysentery is an infectious form of diarrhea. Caused by shigella bacteria.
What is the term for a new opening between two parts of the jejunum?
Gastrojejunostomy
What are the following conditions: pyloric stenosis; gastric ulcer; hiatal hernia; achalasia?
Pyloric stenosis: Narrowing of the distal gastric sphincter
Gastric Ulcer: open sores that occur on the lining of your stomach
Hiatal Hernia:
Achalasia: failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
What is splenorrhagia?
Hemorrhage from a ruptured spleen.
What are the following test used for: transhepatic cholangiography; barium enema; upper GI series; gastric endoscopy?
Transhepatic cholangiography:
Barium enema: x-ray examination of the lower gastrointestinal tract
Upper GI series: x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine after administering barium by mouth
Gastric endoscopy: can be used to identify disorders or problems such as: GERD
What do the following suffixes mean: -ectasis; -stenosis; -ptysis; -spasm; -stasis; -lysis?
-ectasis dilation, widening
-stenosis narrowing, tightening
-ptysis spitting
-spasm uncontrolled muscle contraction
-stasis stopping, controlling
-lysis separation;destruction
What does periodontal mean? What is a gingivectomy?
periodontal-relating to or affecting the structures surrounding and supporting the teeth.
the surgical removal of gum tissue
What is an abnormal condition of the lip known as?
Cheilosis
Spitting up blood is known as _____________.
hemoptysis
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing
What is atresia?
Not open
What is herniorrhaphy?
Suture (repair) of a hernia
Bursting forth of blood is known as _______________________.
Hemorrhage
What does choledochal mean?
Pertaining to the common bile duct
What is a glossotomy?
Incision of the tongue
