Chapter 5- Acids and Bases Flashcards
What are the properties of acids compared to bases?
Acids- sour, dissolve metals, neutralize bases
Bases- bitter, slippery, neutralize acids
What are alkaloids?
Organic bases found in plants that are often poisonous
What is the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases?
Acid: a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution
Base: a substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution
What is the brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases?
Acid: proton (H+ ion) donor
Base: proton (H+ ion) acceptor
What does amphoteric mean?
Substances that can act as acids and bases
Brønsted-lowry definition is amphoteric
What is a conjugate acid and a conjugate base?
Conjugate acid: the product that receives an H+ (ion) (it is the base with an extra H)
Conjugate base: the product that loses an H+ (ion) (it is the acid with a taken away H)
What is a strong electrolyte compared to a weak electrolyte?
What about acids?
What about bases?
Strong electrolyte- completely dissociates into ions in solution
Weak electrolyte- only partially dissociates
Strong acid- completely ionizes in solution
Weak acid- only partially ionizes
Strong base- completely dissociates in solution
Weak base- only partially dissociates
What are the 6 strong acids?
HCl- hydrochloric acid HBr- hydrobromic acid HI- hydroiodic acid HNO3- Nitric Acid HClO4- Perchloric acid H2SO4- Sulfuric acid
The stronger the acid, the _________ the conjugate base.
Weaker
What do HA and A- symbolize?
HA- acid
A- - conjugate acid
What is the acid ionization constant (Ka)?
Same formula as all K’s just doesn’t include H2O in reactants
FOR ACIDS
Kb is for bases
What is autoionization?
What is it’s constant?
When water acts as a base and an acid and can react with itself
Has an ion product constant for water (Kw) instead of Ka
Which always equals 1.0x10^-14
How do you know an acidic solution is acidic?
What about a basic solution?
Acidic- [H3O+] > [OH-]
pH < 7
Basic- [OH-] > [H3O+]
pH > 7
If [H3O+] goes up, what does Ka, pH, pKa?
Ka goes up
pH goes down
pKa goes down
What is the formula for finding pH?
pOH?
pKa?
pH= -log[H3O+] pOH= -log[OH-] pKa= -logKa
pH+pOH=14.00