Chapter 5 Flashcards
Any time an operational limit is exceeded, an appropriate entry shall be made on __1__.
Entry shall state what __2__, __3__, __4__, __5__ that would aid maintenance personnel in the maintenance action that may be required.
The helicopter __6__.
- DA Form 2408-13-1
- limit(s) were exceeded
- range
- time beyond limits
- and any additional data
- shall not be flown until corrective action is taken
Minimum Crew Requirements
The minimum crew required to fly the helicopter is two pilots.
Additional crewmembers, as required, will be added __1__, in accordance with pertinent __2__.
- at the discretion of the commander
- Department of the Army regulations
EICAS: Red and yellow striped tapes and red readouts indicate _____.
the limit above or below which continued operation is likely to cause damage or shorten component life
EICAS: Yellow tapes and readouts indicate _____.
the range when special attention should be given to the parameter the instrument represents
EICAS: Green tapes and readouts indicate _____.
the normal operating range of the parameter the instrument represents
Rotor Limitations: It is normal to observe and NP speed split during autorotational descent when the __1__.
A speed increase of one engine from 100% reference to __2__ maximum can be expected.
During power recovery, it is normal for the __3__ to lead the other engine.
- engines are fully decoupled from the main rotor
- 107%
- engine operating above 100% NP
Maximum wind velocity for rotor start or stop is _____ from any direction.
45 knots
Power off (autorotation) rotor speeds up to __1__ are authorized for use by __2__ during __3__.
- 120% NR
- maintenance test flight pilots
- autorotational RPM checks
Operating an engine against the _____ is prohibited.
gust lock
Rotor brake shall not be applied with engine(s) operating and rotor turning except during an _____.
emergency stop
Maximum rotor speed for emergency rotor brake applications is _____.
76% NR
Routine stops will be with __1__, __2__, and with __3__ applied to stop the rotor in not less than __4__.
- engine(s) off
- NR below 40%
- 150-180 psi
- 12 seconds
Minimum rotor brake pressure for engine start is __1__. Maximum rotor brake pressure for engine start is __2__.
- 450 psi
- 690 psi
Use of the rotor brake with engine(s) operating is restricted to single and dual engine starts and operations at _____.
IDLE only
Single and dual engine starts and operation at __1__ with rotor brake on are __2__.
- IDLE
- not time limited
Transmission oil pressure should remain steady during __1__ or __2__.
- steady state forward flight
- in a level hover
Momentary fluctuations in transmission oil pressure may occur during __1__, or when flying with pitch attitudes above __2__. These types of oil pressure fluctuations are acceptable, even when pressure drops into the yellow range (blow 30 psi).
- transient maneuvers (i.e. hovering in gusty wind conditions
- +6%
Transmission oil pressure should remain steady and should be in the __1__ to __2__ range to ensure that when fluctuations occur, they remain in the acceptable range.
- 45 psi
- 60 psi
If transmission oil pressure is not steady during steady state forward flight or in a level hover, or if oil pressure is steady but under _____, make an entry on the appropriate maintenance form.
45 psi
Sudden transmission pressure drop (more than _____) without fluctuation requires and entry on the appropriate maintenance form.
10 psi
A demand for maximum power from engines with different __1__ will cause a torque split when the __2__ reaches __3__.
This torque split is normal.
Under these circumstances, the __4__ may exceed the __5__.
- engine torque factors (ETF)
- low ETF engine
- TGT limiting
- high power engine
- dual engine limit
With transmission oil temperature operation in the __1__, an entry should be made on the appropriate maintenance form except when __2__.
- precautionary range
- hovering in adverse conditions (desert and hot weather)
Power Turbine Speed (NP) Limitaions
Avoid operations in 20-40% and 60-90% except during start and shutdown.
- Transient (91-95%)
- Continuous (95-101%)
- Transient (101-105%)
12 Second Transient (105-107%)
Rotor Speed (NR) Power-On Limitations
- Transient (91-95%)
- Continuous (95-101%)
3.
Rotor Speed (NR) Power-Off (Autorotation) Limitations
- Normal (90-105%)
- Transient (105-11%)
Maximum (110%)
Upper red range begins at 110% to correspond with the power off limit.
Gas Generator Speed (NG) Limitations
- Continuous (0-105%)
- 12-Second Transient (105-106%)
Torque (Q) Limitations
- Continuous: Dual Engine >80 KIAS (0-100%)
- Continuous: Dual Engline <80 KIAS (0-120%)
- Continuous - Single Engine (0-135%)
- 10 Second Transient (100/120/135-144%)
Turbine Gas Temperature (TGT) Limitations
- Normal (0-793°C)
- 30 Minute Limit (793-846°C)
- 10 Minute Limit (846-879°C)
- 2.5 Minute Transient (Contingency Power) (879-903°C)
12 Second Transient (903-949°C)
Start Abort Limit (851°C)
Turbine Gas Temperature (TGT) Limitations
- Normal (0-793°C)
- 30 Minute Limit (793-846°C)
- 10 Minute Limit (846-879°C)
- 2.5 Minute Transient (Contingency Power) (879-903°C)
12 Second Transient (903-949°C)
Start Abort Limit (851°C)
Engine Oil Temperatue Limitations
- Continuous (-20-135°C)
- 30 Minute Limit (135-150°C)
Engline Oil Pressure Limitations
- IDLE (22-26 psi)
- Normal (26-100 psi)
- 5 Minute Limit (100-120 psi)
Transmission Oil Temperature Limitations
- Continuous (-20-105°C)
- Precautionary (105-140°C)
Transmission Oil Pressure Limitations
- IDLE & Transient (20-30 psi)
- Continuous (30-65 psi)
- Precautionary (65-130 psi)
Fuel Limitations
- Normal (>200 lb - each tank)
- Precautionary (0-200 - each tank)
Transient NP operation in yellow range (101%
to 105%) is _____.
However, no damage to either engine or drive train is
incurred by operation within this range.
not recommended as good operating practice
The pneumatic starter is capable of making the
number of consecutive start cycles with an
interval of at lease _____.
60 seconds between the completion of
one cycle and the beginning of the next cycle
A pneumatic starting cycle is the interval from __1__ and __2__, from __3__, to __4__.
- start iniatiation
- acceleration of the compressor
- zero rpm
- starter dropout
The __1__ between start attempts applies when the first attempt is __2__, and it applies regardless of the duration of the first attempt.
If motoring is required for an emergency, the 60 second delay __3__.
- 60 second delay
- aborted for any reason
- does not apply
At ambient temperatures of __1__, __2__ consecutive start cycles may be made, followed by a __3__ rest period, followed by __4__ additional consecutive start cycles. A __5__ rest period is then required before any additional starts.
- 15°C and below
- two
- 3 minute
- two
- 30 minute
At ambient temperatures __1__ up to __2__, __3__ consecutive start cycles may be made. A __4__ rest period is then required before any additional start cycles.
- above 15°C
- 52°C
- 2 minute
- 30 minute
The minimum ground-air source (pneumatic) required to start the helicopter engines is __1__ and __2__ at __3__.
- 40 psig
- 30 ppm
- 149°C
The maximum ground-air source (pneumatic) to be applied to the helicopter is __1__ at __2__, measured at the __3__ on the fuselage.
- 50 psig
- 249°C
- external air connector
CAUTION:
Engine start attempts at or above a pressure altitude of _____ could result in a hot start.
18,000 feet
Crossbleed starts shall not be attempted unless the __1__ does not appear, and operating engine must be at __2__ and rotor speed at __3__.
- ENG 1/2 ANTI-ICE ON advisory
- 90% NG or above
- 100% NR
When attempting single-engine starts at pressure altitudes above __1__, press the start switch with the ENG POWER CONT lever OFF, until the __2__ is reached, before going to IDLE.
- 14,000 feet
- maximum motoring speedd (about 24%)
Engine overspeed check in flight is __1__. Engine overspeed checks, on the ground, are authorized by __2__.
- prohibited
- designated maintenance personnel only
Fuel boost pumps shall be off except as required by __1__.
Or when operating with __2__: at __3__ or when operating in __4__.
- emergency procedures
- JP-4 or equivenlant
- 5000 feet pressure altitude or above
- crossfeed at any altitude
CAUTION:
Due to fuel volatility, when converting from JP-4 to JP-5/8, __1__ helicopter refueling operations must be completed before performing operations with __2__.
- three
- fuel boost pumps off
When a helicopter operating with JP-4 is restarted within __1__ of engine shutdown and the air temperature is above __2__, a minimum of __3__ of dual engine group operation at __4__ is required prior to takeoff to purge possible hot fuel from engine nacelle area.
- 2 hours
- 21° C
- 2 minutes
- 100% NR
Maximum Weight
22,000 lb
23,500 lb (external lift)
External lift missions above __1__ can only be flown with cargo hood loads above __2__ and up to __3__.
- 22,000 lb
- 8,000 lb
- 9,000 lb
Maximum weight is further limited by cargo floor maxium capacity of _____ per square foot.
300 lb
Maximum capacity for each storage compartment is _____.
125 lb
The __1__ cabin ceiling tiedown fittings have a limited load capacity of __2__.
- four
- 4,000 lb
The __1__ tiedown fittings installed on the cargo floor can restrain a __2__ load in any direction.
- 17
- 5,000 lb
The __1__ net restraint rings in the cargo compartment are rated at __2__ capacity in any direction.
- eight
- 3,500 lb
The maximum weight that may be suspended from the cargo hook is _____. The external load limit of the airframe will not be exceeded when using the cargo hook.
9,000 lb
The maxium weight that may be suspended from the rescue hoist is _____.
600 lb
The airspeed operating limits charts define velocity never exceed (Vne) as a function of __1__, __2__, and __3__.
The dashed lines represent the Mach limited airspeeds due to __4__ effects.
- altitude
- temperature
- gross weight
- compressibility
Maximum airspeed: external cargo hook loads up to 8,000 lb
140 KIAS
Maximum airspeed: external cargo hook loads greater than 8,000 lb shall not exceed
120 KIAS
Maximum airspeed: one engine inoperative
130 KIAS
Maximum airspeed: autorotation at a gross weight of 16,825 lb or less
150 KIAS
Maximum airspeed: autorotation at a gross wight of 16,825 or more
130 KIAS
Hovering in winds greater than __1__ from the sides or rear is __2__.
Sideward/rearward flight into the wind, when combined with windspeed, shall not exceed __3__.
- 45 knots
- prohibited
- 45 knots
Airspeed limits:
one SAS inoperative
two SAS inoperative
two SAS inoperative in IMC
170 KIAS
150 KIAS
140 KIAS
Airspeed limits:
one hydraulic system inoperative
two hydraulic systems inoperative
two hydraulic systems inoperative in IMC
170 KIAS
150 KIAS
140 KIAS
Landing light must be extended prior to reaching a maximum forward airspeed of __1__.
With landing light extened, airspeed is limited to __2__.
- 130 KIAS
- 180 KIAS
Searchlight must be extended prior to reaching a maximum forward airspeed of __1__.
With searchlight extened, airspeed is limited to __2__.
Rescue hoist searchlight airspeed limits are the same as above.
- 100 KIAS
- 180 KIAS
Cabin door(s) may be fully open up to _____.
145 KIAS
The door(s) will not be intentionally moved from the __1__ in flight unless specific mission dictates otherwise (rescue hoist operations).
If you are required to open cabin doors in flight, the aircraft must be below __2__ and crew members opening the cabin door must be secured to the aircraft prior to opeing the cabin door.
- fully open or closed position
- 80 KIAS
Flight with cockpit door(s) removed is _____.
prohibited
NOTE:
Vne becomes variable to indicate the airspeed limit applicable for the current stabilator position, except in no case shall the autorotation limit exceed _____.
120 KIAS
If the automatic stablilator control system fails in flight and operation cannot be restored:
stabilator shall be set __1__ at speeds below __2__.
stabilator shall be set at __3__ at speeds above __4__.
- full down
- 40 KIAS
- 0°
- 40 KIAS
Hovering turns greater than __1__ are prohibited.
Intentional maneuvers beyond attitudes of __2__ pitch or over __3__ roll are prohibited.
- 30° per second
- 30°
- 60°
Simultaneous moving of both __1__ to __2__ or __3__ in flight is prohibited.
- ENG POWER CONT levers
- IDLE
- OFF
_____ ground taxi is prohibited.
Rearward
Prohibited Maneuvers
- Hover turns greater than 30° per second are prohibited. Intentional maneuvers beyond attitudes of 30° pitch or over 60° roll.
- Simultaneous moving of both ENG POWER CONT levers to IDLE or OFF in flight.
- Rearward ground taxi.
Restricted Maneuvers
- Manual operation of the stabilator
- Downwind hovering
Manual operation of the stabilator in flight is __1__ except as requird by __2__ and __3__ or as alternate stabilator control in case the AUTO mode malfunctions.
- prohibited
- formal training
- maintenance test flight requirements
Prolonged rearward flight and downwind hovering are to be avoided to prevent __1__ in the helicopter and __2__ to windows on open cargo doors.
- accumulation of exhaust fumes
- heat damage
NOTE:
Maneuvers entered from a __1__ may result in transient droop of __2__ or greater.
- low power setting
- 5% NR
The blade stall chart provides the level flight angle of bank at which blade stall will begin to occur as a function of __1__, __2__, __3__, and __4__.
- airspeed
- gross weight
- pressure altitude
- temperature
When operating near blade stall, any increase in __1__, __2__, __3__, or __4__ will increase the severity of the stall.
- airspeed
- load factor (bank angle)
- turbulence
- abrupt control inputs
Fully developed stall wil be accompanied by __1__, increasing __2__, and loss of __3__.
- heavy vibrations
- torque
- altitude
Stall recovery is always accomplished by reducing the severity of the maneuver, that is by reducing __1__, __2__, __3__.
- collective
- airspeed
- angle of bank
Above __1__ avoid __2__ to prevent excess tail rotor system loading.
- 80 KIAS
- abrupt, full pedal inputs
Maneuvering limitations with a sling load or rescue hoist loads are limited to __1__ in forward flight.
Side flight is limited by __2__ and is __3__ as airspeed increases.
Rearward flight is limited to __4__.
Rate of descent is limited to __5__.
- 30° angle of bank
- bank angle
- decreases
- 35 knots
- 1,000 feet-by-minute
Bank angles shall be limited to _____ when a PRI SERVO FAIL caution appears.
30°
Do not exceed a touchdown sink rate of __1__ on level terrain and __2__ on slopes with gross weights of up to 16,825 pounds.
Above 16,825 pounds gross weight do not exceed __3__ on level terrain and __4__ on slopes.
- 540 feet-per-minute
- 360 feet-per-minute
- 300 feet-per-minute
- 180 feet-per-minute
Maximum forward touchdown speed is limited to _____ ground speed on level terrain.
60 knots
NOTE:
Because of the flat profile of the main transmission and forward location of both transmission oil pumps, transmission oil pressure will drop during nose-up slope operations.
At slope of 10°, an indicated oil pressure of __1__ to __2__ is normal; at slope of 15°, a pressure in the range of __3__ to __4__ is normal.
- 30 psi
- 35 psi
- 10 psi
- 15 psi
Slope limitations:
__1__ nose-up, and __2__ right wheel up or left wheel up
Further reduced by __3__ for every __4__.
- 6°
- 15°
- 2°
- 5 knots of wind
Slope limitations:
6° downslope
Landing in downslope conditions with tail wind greater than _____ shall not be conducted.
15 knots
The main gearbox may be operated up to _____ at a time with pressure fluctuations when the helicopter is known to be at a nose-up attitude.
30 minutes
NOTE:
The ice detecting system is calibrated for _____. When flying at airspeeds above _____, the ice rate meter will indicate higher LWC than the actual conditions.
100 KIAS
When the ambient air temperature is ____ and visible liquid moisture is present, icing may occur.
4° C or below
Liquid Water Content:
Trace
Light
Moderate
Heavy
0 to 0.25 g/m3
- 25 to 0.5 g/m3
- 5 to 1.0 g/m3
greater than 1.0 g/m3
Helicopters with the following equipment installed, operational, and turned on are permitted to fly into trace or light icing conditions. Flight into light icing is not recommended without the blade deice.
(1) Windshield Anti-ice.
(2) Pitot Heat.
(3) Engine Anti-ice.
(4) Engine Inlet Anti-ice Modulating Valve.
(5) Insulated Ambient Air Sensing Tube.
For flight into moderate icing conditions, all equipment in paragraph 5.30 b. and __1__ must be installed, operational, and turned on. Flight into __2__ icing is prohibited.
- blade deice
- heavy or severe
At engine power levels of 10% Q per engine and below, full anti ice capability cannot be provided, due to engine bleed limitations.
Avoid operation under conditions of extreme low power requirements such as high rate of descent, or ground bleed air HEATER operation below __2__, during icing conditions. The cabin heating system should be turned off
before initiating a high rate of descent.
- 10% Q per engine and below
- 100% NR
During prolonged ground operation of the backup pump with the rotor system _____, the backup pump is limited because of hydraulic fluid overheating.
static
Backup Hydraulic Pump Hot WX Limitations:
-54° - 32°
33° - 38°
39° - 52°
Operating/ Cooldown Time (in minutes)
unlimited
24/72
16/48
To prevent APU overheating, APU operation at ambient temperature of __1__ with engine and rotor operating, is limited to __2__. With engine and rotor not operating, the APU may be operated continuously up to an ambient temperature of __3__.
If APU OIL HOT caution appears a __4__ cooling period is required, before checking oil level.
- 43° C and above
- 30 minutes
- 51° C
- 30 minute
Windshield anti-ice check shall not be done when FAT
is over _____.
27° C
Intentional flight into _____ turbulence is prohibited.
severe
Intentional flight into _____ is prohibited.
thunderstorms
CAUTION:
Operating the BFT system outside this range may cause failure or erratic operation.
-26°C to 71°C
