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Medical Terms > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Angi/o

A

Blood or lymph vessel

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2
Q

Aort/o

A

aorta.

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3
Q

Arteri/o

A

artery

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4
Q

Arther/o

A

plaque or fatty substance.

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5
Q

Brady

A

slow

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6
Q

Cardi/o

A

heart

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7
Q

Crasia

A

a mixture or blending

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8
Q

Emia

A

blood or blood condition

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9
Q

Erthr/o

A

red

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10
Q

Hem/o

A

blood, relating to the blood.

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11
Q

Hemat/o

A

blood , relating to the blood

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12
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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13
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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14
Q

tachy

A

fast, rapid

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15
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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16
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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17
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension.

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18
Q

anemia

A

lower- than a normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.

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19
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.

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20
Q

Angina

A

condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.

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21
Q

Angioplasty

A

the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.

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22
Q

Anticoagulant

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.

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23
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

a condition characterized by the absence of all former blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

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24
Q

Arrhythmia

A

loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat.

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25
Q

Atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery.

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26
Q

Atheroma

A

deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall.

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27
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries.

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28
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

when normal rhythmic contraction of the atria are replaced by rapid uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall.

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29
Q

Automated external defibrillator

A

electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms and when necessary, external shocked the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.

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30
Q

Beta-blocker

A

medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat.

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31
Q

Blood dyscrasia

A

pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood.

32
Q

Bradycardia

A

abnormally slow resting heart rate.

33
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively.

34
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart.

35
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

describe all diseases of the heart muscle.

36
Q

Carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of the portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain.

37
Q

Cholesterol

A

the fatty substance travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body.

38
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency

A

venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves.

39
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle.

40
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery.

41
Q

Defibrillation

A

use electrical shock to restore the hearts normal rtythm

42
Q

Diuretic

A

medication administered to stimulate the kidney to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water.

43
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

44
Q

Embolism

A

sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.

45
Q

Embolus

A

foreign object

46
Q

Endocarditis

A

inflammation if the inner lining of the heart

47
Q

Erythrocytes

A

mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow.

48
Q

Hemoglobin

A

oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes.

49
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of these cells by the spleen.

50
Q

Hemostasis

A

to stop or control bleeding.

51
Q

Leukemia

A

type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes white blood cells found- in blood-forming tissues other organs and in the circulating blood.

52
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells that are involved in defending that body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

53
Q

Leukopenia

A

a decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood.

54
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal.

55
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

types of cancer in which there in sufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

56
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup commonly known as a heart attack.

57
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.

58
Q

Pericardium

A

the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart.

59
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

form of anemia caused by a lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12.

60
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein.

61
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress.

62
Q

Sepsis

A

potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream.

63
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow.

64
Q

Tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid resting heart rate.

65
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

form of vasculitis that can cause headaches visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms.

66
Q

thallium stress test

A

a diagnostic test performed to evaluate how to tell blood flow through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise.

67
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood.

68
Q

Thrombolytic

A

medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up.

69
Q

Thrombosis

A

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus.

70
Q

Thrombotic occlusion

A

blocking of an artery by a thrombus.

71
Q

Thrombus

A

blood clot affected the interior wall of a vein or an artery.

72
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and donated do not match.

73
Q

Valvulitis

A

inflammation of a heart valve

74
Q

Varicose vein

A

abnormally swollen veins, usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs.

75
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles.

76
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricle

Medical Terms (7 decks)

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