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Art History 2 > Chapter 5-9 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cromlech

A

153 a circle of monoliths, usually enclosing a type of altar .

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2
Q

Lintels

A

153 horizontal structural member that spans an opening between two walls or posts

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3
Q

Cella

A

154 the main rectangle room of a temple containing the image of a god, goddess or cult deity.

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4
Q

Ziggurats

A

154 the high temple platform, built of mud brick, of Sumerian and Assyrian architecture. Usually built in the form of a truncated stepped pyramid with ramp like stairways leading to the sanctuary at the top.

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5
Q

Stele

A

157 An upright slab, bearing sculptured or painted designs or inscriptions. From the Greek for “standing block”

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6
Q

Low relief

A

157 A surface that has only slight variations between the highest and lowest parts. Bas-relief is sculpture of low relief on a wall, and a coelanoglyph is a sculpture of low relief carved into a wall surface.

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7
Q

Mastabas

A

160 A rectangular Egyptian tomb of mud brick and masonry with sloping sides and a flat top used to cover the burial chamber.

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8
Q

Step pyramid

A

160 A solid stone structure built of six huge steps and used as a tomb for an Egyptian Pharaoh.

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9
Q

Frontal

A

162 A pose in figure drawing or sculpture in high figures face forward.

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10
Q

Pylons

A

164 The huge entrance structure for an Egyptian freestanding temple, formed by a pair of square tapering piers with a flat top and no connecting lintel. From the Greek word for “gateway”. Also, significant pillars in contemporary architecture.

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11
Q

Hypostyle

A

164 A building having a roof or ceiling supported by rows of columns; used to describe a hall constructed of many columns; also, a row of columns.

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12
Q

Registers

A

166 One of a series of horizontal bands placed one above the other, usually a format for painting. Commonly used in Egyptian tomb painting, medieval church sculpture, Aztec codices and manuscript illumination.

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13
Q

Descriptive perspective

A

166 Shows more important objects larger than less important objects.

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14
Q

Frescoes

A

174 A method of painting in which pigments suspended in water are applied to a thin layer of wet plaster so that the plaster absorbed the color and the painting becomes part of the wall.

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15
Q

Contrapposto

A

178 Technique of sculpting a human figure in a pose that shows the weight of the body in balance. With weight on one leg, the shoulders and hips counterbalance each other in a natural way so that the figure does not fall over. Developed in the late Greek period.

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16
Q

Frieze

A

181 Any horizontal band, decorated with molding or patterns, either painted or carved, usually at the upper end of a wall; specifically, in Greek architecture, the middle layer (plain or carved) of an entablature.

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17
Q

Pediment

A

181 the triangular area over the entablature in Classical Greek architecture, formed by the ends of a sloping roof and the cornice.

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18
Q

Architrave

A

184 The main horizontal beam at the bottom of an entablature, resting on the capitals of columns. Often made of several lintels to stretch the length of the building.

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19
Q

Cornice

A

184 Any projecting ornaments molding along the top of a building, wall, arch, etc; also, the topmost projecting part of an entablature in a Classical Greek building.

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20
Q

Metopes

A

184 The carved or plain areas between the Triglyphs in the frieze of a Doric building.

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21
Q

Triglyphs

A

184 A group of three vertical ridges alternating with a plain metope in the frieze of a Doric Greek building.

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22
Q

Entasis

A

184 The subtle convex swelling of a Classical Greek column shaft.

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23
Q

Caryatids

A

186 A support or column in the form of a human figure, usually female.

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24
Q

Encaustic

A

186 A method of painting on a ground, with colors dissolved in hot wax; also, a work of art produced by this technique.

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25
Q

Amphora

A

188 A storage jar having an egg shaped body, a foot and two handles, each attached at the neck and shoulders of the jar.

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26
Q

Hydria

A

188 A large jug used to carry water.

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27
Q

Arch

A

190 An architecture construction built of wedge shaped blocks to span an opening and usually supported by columns or piers. A corbeled arch is made by overlapping layers of stones, each one projecting slightly farther over the opening than the one below it. A building dependent upon arches for its structure is said to be “arculated”

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28
Q

Vault

A

190 An arched roof or covering made of brick stone or concrete. A barrel vault or tunnel vault is semi-circular. A corbeled vault is made by having each course protrude a little beyond the course below it until the two sides meet.

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29
Q

Velarium

A

190 An awning at the top of the Colosseum in Rome that protected spectators from sun and rain.

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30
Q

Coffered

A

193 in architecture, a square, rectangular or polygonal recess in a ceiling to reduce the weight of the structure.

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31
Q

Oculus

A

193 A circular opening in a wall or in the dome, from the Latin for “eye”.

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32
Q

Basilicas

A

194 Roman civic building of rectangular form in which the ground plan was divided into nave, side aisles and apse, and was approached though a narthex. In Christian architecture, a church building similar in shape was the major worship form from the third to eighth centuries.

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33
Q

Forums

A

195 A central gathering place for the people of the town, particularly of Ancient Rome. A place for judicial and public business.

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34
Q

Diptych

A

206 A pair of wood, ivory or metal panels usually hinged together, with painting or carving on the inside surfaces. Usually placed over an altar.

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35
Q

Catacombs

A

208 Underground burial places made up of passageways and niches for holding up the sarcophagi. Some contained chapels and meeting rooms for early Christians.

36
Q

Atrium

A

208 The inner court of a Roman house, open to the sky. Also, the enclosed courtyard in front of the main doors of a basilica or church.

37
Q

Nave

A

208 E central section of a church where the congregation assembles. In a basilican plan, the space extends from the main entrance to the apse or the crossing. The nave is usually flanked by the side aisles.

38
Q

Apse

A

208 A large semicircle area at the choir end of a church. Usually contains the altar. May also be found at the ends of transepts or at the ends of smaller chapels.

39
Q

Baldachin

A

209 A fixed canopy of wood, stone, fabric, etc., over an altar, throne or doorway. Sometimes portable, as when it is over a movable statue during a parade or procession.

40
Q

Transepts

A

209 The part of a cross shaped church at right angles to the long nave, usually with one arm on each side of the crossing.

41
Q

Crypts

A

209 A vaulted space below ground level, usually beneath the raised choir or apse of a church, or under a temple or shrine.

42
Q

Rotunda

A

210 A round building or interior hall, topped by a dome.

43
Q

Sarcophagus

A

211 A stone coffin, often elaborately carved.

44
Q

Tesserae

A

212 Bits of colored glass or stone used in making mosaics.

45
Q

Pendentives

A

215 A triangular piece of vaulting springing from the comer of a rectangular area to support a round or polygonal dome. Usually four pendentives spring from the four comers of a crossing to support the dome.

46
Q

Pier

A

215 A massive vertical masonry pillar that supports an arch, vault, or other kind of roof. Also used under pendentives to support a dome. A square area in a Gothic church marked by a pier at each corner is known as a “bay”.

47
Q

Icons

A

216 A religious image or likeness; in the Eastern Orthodox religion, usually a panel painting of a saint or of Christ.

48
Q

Iconoclasm

A

217 Destruction of images or icons; historically examples include the Iconoclastic Controversy, the Protestant purges, the Tang repression and the Japanese persecution of Christians.

49
Q

Triptych

A

217 An altarpiece consisting of three panels joined together. Often, the two outer panels are hinged to close over the central panel.

50
Q

Arabesque

A

218 Intricate and fanciful surface decoration generally based on geometric patterns and using combinations of flowering veins, tendrils, etc. “In the Arab style”.

51
Q

Stucco

A

218 Any of several types of plaster used for decoration cornices, molding or ceiling; also, a cement coating for the exterior of a building.

52
Q

Mosques

A

220 An Islamic temple or place of worship.

53
Q

Minarets

A

220 A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque from which the muezzin (cryer) calls people to prayer.

54
Q

Miniature

A

221 A small painting executed with great detail; a small portrait, picture or decorative letter on an illuminated manuscript.

55
Q

Illumination

A

222 Colored illustrations, often containing gold and silver, that decorated manuscripts in medieval times in Europe.

56
Q

Vellum

A

222 A fine parchment made from calfskin and used for writing, manuscripts illumination and book binding.

57
Q

Tympanum

A

232 A carved or decorated space over the door and under the arch of a Romanesque or Gothic church facade.

58
Q

Narthex

A

232 A porch or vestibule, sometimes enclosed, preceding the main entrance of a church.

59
Q

Mandorla

A

232 An almond shaped outline enclosing the full figure of a person endowed with divine light, usually Christ.

60
Q

Lanterns

A

234 A small dome, usually with Windows around its drum, built atop a larger dome or on a roof to allow light to enter the structure.

61
Q

Ambulatories

A

234 Any passageway around a central space. A place for walking around the apse of a church, often a continuation of the side aisles; also, a covered walkway around a cloister.

62
Q

Buttresses

A

234 A massive support built against a wall to receive the lateral thrust (pressure) exerted by a vault, roof or arch.

63
Q

Choir

A

234 The part of a church in which the service is sung, usually the apse; also, a group of singers.

64
Q

Abbey

A

234 A complex of buildings comprised of a monastery and a church.

65
Q

Cloister

A

234 A covered walkway or ambulatory around an open court or garden. Usually, a colonnade faces the garden, allowing light to enter.

66
Q

Cathedra

A

234 The chair or throne of a bishop.

67
Q

Campanile

A

236 A bell tower either attached to a church or freestanding nearby.

68
Q

Flying buttresses

A

240 A supportive structure consisting of a tower buttress and a flying arch which spans the side aisles and supports the upper wall of the nave of a Gothic church.

69
Q

Clerestory

A

241 The upper section of a wall used for fighting and ventilation; also, the upper story of the nave of a church building.

70
Q

Rose Windows

A

242 A circular window with stone tracery radiating from the center and a characteristic Feature of Gothic church architecture.

71
Q

Tracery

A

243 Ornamental stonework in a decorative pattern with a lace like effect; a decorative interlacing of lines suggestive of such stonework.

72
Q

Fan vaulting

A

245 A complex vault with radiating ribs, characteristic of the late English Gothic architecture.

73
Q

Cartoon

A

252 A full scale drawing from which a painting or fresco is made. Also, a simplified humorous drawing.

74
Q

Tondo

A

269 A round shaped painting

75
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

277 A technique for modeling forms in painting by which the lighted parts seem to emerge from surrounding dark areas. Strong contrast of dark and light values in painting.

76
Q

Sfumato

A

277 A slight blurring of the edges of figures and objects in a painting, creating a hazy feeling and aerial perspective.

77
Q

Painterly

A

286 The technique of painting in which forms are depicted by patches of color rather than by hard and precise edges. Brushstrokes are left visible as part of the surface of the painting.

78
Q

Genre

A

291 Referring to the common, ordinary; also, a type of localized art.

79
Q

Scientific perspective

A

262 Create by Brunelleschi, this is a way of accurately showing three dimensional buildings or objects on a flat sheet of paper.

80
Q

Stylized

A

150 the simplification or generalization of forms found in nature to present a personal and more decorative feeling in a work of art or lettering.

81
Q

Cupola

A

A rounded convex roof on a circular base, a dome of small size.

82
Q

Foreshortening

A

A method of drawing or painting an object or person that is not parallel to the picture plane so that it seems to recede in space, giving the illustration of three dimensions. Parts get smaller as they refer in space.

83
Q

Classic ideals

A

A set of rules by which to live by

84
Q

Sirocco

A

Winter winds that drive huge tidal surge waves into Venice

285

85
Q

Triumphal arch

A

Separated the nave from the apse, so called because of the victory Christ has over death.

86
Q

Stucco relief

A

218

87
Q

Calligraphy

A

220 the noblest and most continuous of the arts, owes its supreme status to the fact that it transmits the Koran. The Arabic script serves as a basis for many designs.

Art History 2 (2 decks)

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