Chapter 5 Flashcards
Philip II
Philip II was King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily, and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland. He was also Duke of Milan, and from 1555, lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands
Macedonia
North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a country in the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It gained its independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia.
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20.
Darius III
Darius III, originally named Artashata and called Codomannus by the Greeks, was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, from 336 BC to 330 BC. Artashata adopted Darius as a dynastic name.
Which of Alexander’s conquests do you think was the most significant?
His conquest of Persia was the most important because it inspired him to continue on conquering.
How was Philip II able to conquer Greece?
Greece had just ended Peloponnesian War and the city-states became weak, and city-states decreased in economical and military control
Philip II’s goal was to conquer Persia. Why did Alexander continue his campaign of
conquest after this goal had been achieved?
After that he crazed more victories and wanted to conquer everything to the end off the continent
What happened to Alexander’s empire after his death?
Three of his generals split it up between themselves and ruled their own empire
Hellenistic
relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. During this period Greek culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the Near East and Asia and centering on Alexandria in Egypt and Pergamum in Turkey
Alexandria
Alexandria, Virginia, is a city on the Potomac River, just south of Washington, DC. It’s known for its Old Town, with brick sidewalks and well-preserved 18th- and 19th-century buildings.
Euclid
Euclid, sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclid of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the “founder of geometry” or the “father of geometry”.
Archimedes
Archimedes of Syracuse was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity
Colossus of Rhodes
The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek sun-god Helios, erected in the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name, by Chares of Lindos in 280 BC.
Which Hellenistic achievement had the greatest impact? Why
geometry because it helped in astronomy,architecture and still applies to us today in school and more.
How did trade contribute to cultural diversity in the Hellenistic city of Alexandria?
the trade was from all the countries and very diverse.
How did Euclid influence some of the developments in astronomy during the Hellenistic period?
The geometry that he wrote about helped eratosthenes and aristarchus calculate the earth size.
What did Stoicism and Epicureanism have in common?
they both have the belief that people should live in peace
How did Pericles strengthen democracy?
Pericles strengthened democracy in Athens by paying public officials. Pericles expanded the empire by building a strong naval fleet. Pericles rebuilt and beautified Athens.
What steps did Pericles take to strengthen the empire and glorify Athens?
ericles used money from the Delian league treasury to make the Athenian navy the strongest. To glorify Athens he also used money from the Delian league to buy gold, ivory, and marble. He highered sculptors,architects,and artists to make beautiful sculptors surrounding Athens.
What themes were common in Greek tragedy?
Love,hate,war,and betrayal were common in Greek tragedy.
What do the themes of Greek comedies suggest about the men and women of Athens?
Showed freedom of democratic Athens, made fun of politics,respected people and ideas of the time and that women had more power over men
What was Plato’s vision of the ideal society?
Not a democracy, 3 groups: farmers,artisans,Warriors and the ruling class
What is the philosophic legacy of Aristotle questioned the nature of the world and human belief, scientific method?
The wealth, prestige, policies, and power of Athens caused resentment among other city-states. A plague that killed many Athenians helped Sparta defeat Athens. The Peloponnesian War weakened all of the Greek city-states for 50 years.
direct democracy
is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly. This differs from the majority of currently established democracies, which are representative democracies.
classical art
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate.
Tragedy
An event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress, such as a serious accident, crime, or natural catastrophe.
comedy
professional entertainment consisting of jokes and satirical sketches, intended to make an audience laugh.
Peloponnesian War
The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases.
philosopher
a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline.
Socrates
Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought.
Plato
Plato was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He was the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. Along with his teacher Plato, he has been called the “Father of Western Philosophy”.
What were the battle strategies of Athens and Sparta in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens- To avoid land battles with the Spartan army and wait to strike from the sea
Sparta- Strike from land and to burn the Athenian food supply
Why do you think some Athenians found the ideas of Socrates so disturbing?
Because they had never been asked to question their own morals
