Chapter 5

Question 1

Establishing the parameters (boundaries) of nursing and clarifying the purposes is why we what?

Answer 1

Define nursing

Question 2

Guides the educational preparation of aspiring practitioners and guides nursing research and theory development. This goes with defining…

Answer 2

Defining nursing

Question 3

Defining nursing makes the work of nursing….

Answer 3

Visible and valuable to the public, and to policymakers who determine when, where, and how nurses can practice

Question 4

Author of Notes on Nursing: what it is and what it is not

Answer 4

Florence nightingale

Question 5

What did Florence accurately observe about nurses?

Answer 5

Although simply possessing observational skills does not make someone a good nurse, without these skills a nurse is ineffective

Question 6

Informed observation is what?

Answer 6

An integral part of processes of nursing

Question 7

What makes nursing special?

Answer 7

What does evidence show? What can we do to increase the positive outcomes? What has research shown? How is what’s important.

Question 8

“It properly includes, as well as the execution of specific orders, the administration of food and medicine, the personal care of the patient”

Answer 8

Shaw’s textbook of nursing (1907)

Question 9

“The object of nursing is not only to cure the sick  but to bring health and ease, rest and comfort to mind and body. Its object is to prevent disease and to preserve health”

Answer 9

Harmer’s textbook of the principles and practice of nursing (1922)

Question 10

“Nursing may be defined as that service to an individual that helps him to attain or maintain a healthy state of mind or body”

Answer 10

Harmer and Henderson (1939)

Question 11

“Nursing is the use of clinical judgment in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to cope with health problems, and to achieve the best possible quality of life, whatever their disease or disability, until death.”

Answer 11

Royal college of nursing (2014)

Question 12

What is the international council of nurses?

Answer 12

A federation of national nurses association representing more than 13 million nurses worldwide in 130 countries

Question 13

List the overriding goal of nursing education

Answer 13

• Teach students to think like a nurse
• See health care through the lens of nursing
• Respond to your educational and clinical experiences w/ development of professionalism

Question 14

Structural and cultural identity of professional socialization?

Answer 14

Structural: professional role is shaped by rules
Cultural: traditions, symbols, language, idea systems in society shape how one becomes a nurse

Question 15

_____ _____: absorbing the culture of nursing–rites, rituals, and valued behaviors. Learning vocabulary. Learning new roles and anxiety.

Answer 15

Professional socialization

Question 16

“The Code of Ethics for Nurses requires that nurses work with all patients regardless of their beliefs” This is a factor that influences…

Answer 16

Socialization

Question 17

“Personal feelings can be shaped by significant adults and peers. “ Factor of?

Answer 17

Influencing socialization

Question 18

Negative health behaviors can influence personal feelings. this is a factor that influences socialization. T or F?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Are unexamined biases more likely to influence behavior than an examined one?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

“Becoming a professional nurse requires learning how to deal with values conflicts while respecting patients’ differing viewpoints.”

Answer 20

Factor influencing socialization

Question 21

What are the four stages of Cohen’s model of Basic Student socialization?

Answer 21

Stage I: unilateral dependence
Stage II: negativity/independence(cognitive rebellion)
Stage III: Dependence and mutuality
Stage IV: interdependence

Question 22

Describe Stage one of Cohen’s model

Answer 22

Students rely on external limits and controls established by authority figures such as teachers due inexperience and lack of knowledge.
Students are unlikely to question or analyze critically the concepts teachers present.

Question 23

Describe Stage two of Cohen’s model

Answer 23

The students’ critical thinking abilities and knowledge bases expand.
They begin to question authority figures.
Students begin to free themselves from external controls and to rely more on their own judgment.
They think critically about what they are being taught.

Question 24

Describe Stage three of Cohen’s model

Answer 24

characterized by students’ more reasoned evaluation of others’ ideas.
They develop an increasingly realistic appraisal process and learn to test concepts, facts, ideas, and models objectively.
Students are more impartial; they accept some ideas and reject others.
Students begin to appreciate the usefulness of the nursing process in organizing care and begin to use more sophisticated critical thinking skills.

Question 25

Describe Stage four of Cohen’s model

Answer 25

Students’ needs for both independence and mutuality (sharing jointly with others) come together.
Students develop the capacity to make decisions in collaboration with others. The successfully socialized student completes stage IV with a self-concept that includes a professional role identity that is personally and professionally acceptable and compatible with other life roles.

Question 26

What are Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency?

Answer 26

1. Novice
2. Adv. beginner
3. Competent practitioner
4. Proficient practitioner
5. Expert practitioner

Question 27

Respecting one another, honoring differences, listening and seeking common ground, and engaging in social discourse. These are examples of

Answer 27

Culture of civility

Question 28

After nursing school, you are at which Benner stage?

Answer 28

2. Advanced beginner

Question 29

What are some examples of reality shock?

Answer 29

Absence of positive reinforcement. Lack of support. Gap between ideals taught in school and actual work.

Question 30

What are some strategies to reduce reality shock?

Answer 30

• Seek practical experiences outside of school.
• Balance work with academic responsibilities
• Shadowing programs

Question 31

A student readily accepts clinical assignment without any questions regarding appropriateness of the assignment. The student most likely demonstrates:
A. cognitive rebellion.
B. interdependence.
C. mental disengagement. 
D. unilateral dependence.

Answer 31

D. Unilateral dependence (Unilateral dependence—Student relies on external limits and controls established by authority figures due to inexperience and lack of knowledge. Cognitive rebellion—A student begins to question authority figure. Interdependence—The student collaborates with the authority figures. Mental disengagement—a reaction to reality shock.)

Question 32

Which two entities define nursing?

Answer 32

1. Royal college of nursing

2. International council of nurses