Chapter 5 Flashcards

Motivation

1
Q

What is motivation?

A

Why we do the things we do

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2
Q

Direction

A

Where efforts are channeled or what the individual is doing

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3
Q

Intensity

A

How hard a person tries or the amount of effort invested in the activity

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4
Q

Persistence

A

How long the effort is maintained

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5
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Motivation to do something in order to receive external rewards (money, recognition, status etc.)

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6
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation to do something for rewards that come from doing the thing itself (think of the state of flow)

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7
Q

Performance Equation

A
Performance = Motivation * Ability * Opportunity
(P = M*A*O)
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8
Q

Content theories of motivation

A

the theories that focus on internal factors that influence employee motivation

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9
Q

Process theories of motivation

A

The theories that explain the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation

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10
Q

Why are there many theories of motivation?

A

Behavior is complex - Different people are motivated by different things.

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11
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A

BOTTOM –> TOP
Physiological - food, water shelter

Safety - Being safe from harm

Love - Desire to love and be loved (affection/belonging)

Esteem - Need for reputation

Self Actualization - Becoming the best one is capable of

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12
Q

Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory

A

Hygiene factors lead to job dissatisfaction

Motivating factors lead to job satisfaction

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13
Q

What do hygiene factors include?

A

Company policy, salary, working conditions

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14
Q

What do motivating factors consist of?

A

Achievement, recognition, responsibility etc

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15
Q

McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory

A

Need for Achievement - Desire to overcome obstacles

Need for Affiliation- Desire to maintain relationships

Need for Power - Desire to coach and influence others

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the Self-Determination Theory

A

Need for Competence - feel qualified and capable to complete a task

Need for Autonomy - Desire to have freedom in doing what you want and how you do it

Need for Relatedness - Desire to be a part of a group

***PEOPLE ARE INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED BY THESE THINGS

17
Q

McGregor’s Theory X

A

Pessimistic

Employees dislike work, must be monitored and can be motivated only by punishment and rewards

18
Q

McGregor’s Theory Y

A

Optimistic

Employees are self engaged, committed, responsible and creative

19
Q

Adams’ Equity Theory

A

Perceived equity in the organization impacts employee motivation.

What one gets from job VS what they put into job

Higher perceived equity = increased motivation and satisfaction

20
Q

Types of inequity

A

Negative - Under rewarded

Positive - Over rewarded

21
Q

Justice theory

A

The extent to which people percieve they are treated fairly at work influences behaviors and attitudes

22
Q

Distributive Justice

A

Perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed

23
Q

Procedural Justice

A

Perceived fairness of processes and procedures to make allocation decisions

24
Q

Interactional Justice

A

Quality of interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented

25
Q

What are the three components of justice theory?

A

Distributive
Procedural
Interactional

26
Q

Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

A

We do things that lead to desired outcomes

27
Q

Expectancy

A

Will more effort lead to better performance?

28
Q

Instrumentality

A

Will better performance lead to desired outcomes?

29
Q

Valence

A

How much value is placed on final outcomes

30
Q

Goal setting theory

A

Specific and difficult goals lead to higher performance as long as:
1 - individual is committed to the goal
2 - the goal is attainable
3 - Feedback is available

31
Q

What do goals aim to do? (4 things)

A

Direct attention
Regulate effort
Increase persistence
Motivate plans and strategies

32
Q

SMART goals

A
Specific
Measurable 
Attainable
Result-focused
Time-bound