Chapter 5 Flashcards
Motivation
What is motivation?
Why we do the things we do
Direction
Where efforts are channeled or what the individual is doing
Intensity
How hard a person tries or the amount of effort invested in the activity
Persistence
How long the effort is maintained
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation to do something in order to receive external rewards (money, recognition, status etc.)
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation to do something for rewards that come from doing the thing itself (think of the state of flow)
Performance Equation
Performance = Motivation * Ability * Opportunity (P = M*A*O)
Content theories of motivation
the theories that focus on internal factors that influence employee motivation
Process theories of motivation
The theories that explain the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation
Why are there many theories of motivation?
Behavior is complex - Different people are motivated by different things.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
BOTTOM –> TOP
Physiological - food, water shelter
Safety - Being safe from harm
Love - Desire to love and be loved (affection/belonging)
Esteem - Need for reputation
Self Actualization - Becoming the best one is capable of
Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory
Hygiene factors lead to job dissatisfaction
Motivating factors lead to job satisfaction
What do hygiene factors include?
Company policy, salary, working conditions
What do motivating factors consist of?
Achievement, recognition, responsibility etc
McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory
Need for Achievement - Desire to overcome obstacles
Need for Affiliation- Desire to maintain relationships
Need for Power - Desire to coach and influence others
What are the three parts of the Self-Determination Theory
Need for Competence - feel qualified and capable to complete a task
Need for Autonomy - Desire to have freedom in doing what you want and how you do it
Need for Relatedness - Desire to be a part of a group
***PEOPLE ARE INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED BY THESE THINGS
McGregor’s Theory X
Pessimistic
Employees dislike work, must be monitored and can be motivated only by punishment and rewards
McGregor’s Theory Y
Optimistic
Employees are self engaged, committed, responsible and creative
Adams’ Equity Theory
Perceived equity in the organization impacts employee motivation.
What one gets from job VS what they put into job
Higher perceived equity = increased motivation and satisfaction
Types of inequity
Negative - Under rewarded
Positive - Over rewarded
Justice theory
The extent to which people percieve they are treated fairly at work influences behaviors and attitudes
Distributive Justice
Perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed
Procedural Justice
Perceived fairness of processes and procedures to make allocation decisions
Interactional Justice
Quality of interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented
What are the three components of justice theory?
Distributive
Procedural
Interactional
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
We do things that lead to desired outcomes
Expectancy
Will more effort lead to better performance?
Instrumentality
Will better performance lead to desired outcomes?
Valence
How much value is placed on final outcomes
Goal setting theory
Specific and difficult goals lead to higher performance as long as:
1 - individual is committed to the goal
2 - the goal is attainable
3 - Feedback is available
What do goals aim to do? (4 things)
Direct attention
Regulate effort
Increase persistence
Motivate plans and strategies
SMART goals
Specific Measurable Attainable Result-focused Time-bound
