Chapter 5 Flashcards
Cognitive Theory of Dreaming
Theory proposing that dreaming can be understood by applying the same cognitive concepts used to study the waking mind.
Activation-Synthesis Theory of Dreaming
Theory that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain and that dreams result from the brain’s attempts to find logic in random brain activity that occurs during sleep.
Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perception, and change mood.
Tolerance
The need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect.
Physical Dependence
The physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms such as physical pain and a craving for teh drug when it is discontinued.
Psychological Dependence
The strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons, such as a feeling of well-being and reduction of stress.
Ventral Tegmental Area & Nucleus Accumbens
Dopamine levels increase by use of drugs and they go through these areas.
What are the effects of alcohol to the brain?
Increases Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) to many areas of the brain. GABA has a calming effect. It sends dopamine to areas that increase pleasure and reduced anxiety. But if affect the frontal cortex involved with judgment and impulse control.
Alcoholism
A disorder that involves long term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages and that impairs the drinker’s health and social relationships.
What are Barbituates?
Depressant drugs that decrease central nervous system activity.
What are tranquilizers?
Depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation.
What are Opiates?
Depress the central nervous system’s activity and eliminate pain. They are powerful painkillers. Examples are morphine and heroin. They are highly addictive.
What are Stimulants?
Psychoactive drugs-including caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine-that increase the central nervous system’s activity.
Hallucinogens
Psychoactive drugs that modify a person’s perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real.
What is a Divided Consciousness View of Hypnosis?
Ernest Hilgard’s view that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness into two separate components:one that follows the hypnotist’s commands and the other that acts as a “hidden observer”.
