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Natural Disasters > Chapter 5-8 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of tsunamis?

A

underwater strike-slip earthquakes

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2
Q

Along which type of plate boundaries do we not find tsunamis?

A

Transform

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3
Q

Prior to a subduction zone earthquake, what would you expect to occur to the crust on the overriding plate?

A

the crust will rise (bulge upwards)

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4
Q

The average speed of tsunami waves in the deep ocean is most similar to which of the following?

A

Jet airline

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5
Q

Which wave of a major tsunami is most likely to be the highest? (Hint: see the figure in the textbook that shows the tide gauge from a tsunami).

A

Third or fourth

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6
Q

What happens to tsunami waves as they reach the shoreline?

A

their amplitude (height) increases and wavelength decreases

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7
Q

True or False: Tsunamis, sometimes called “tidal waves” are caused by tides.

A

False

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8
Q

What is a volcanic flank collapse?

A

a sudden landslide of the side of a volcano not associated with an eruption

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9
Q

True or false: Tsunamis occur only in oceans.

A

False

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10
Q

Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?

A

pahoehoe

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11
Q

Which type of basaltic lava flow has its surface covered with sharp-edged, angular blocks and rubble

A

Aa

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12
Q

small basaltic cones built during one, short, eruptive episode (enter the letter only)

A

Cinder Cones

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13
Q

large, fairly steep-sided cones composed of lavas and pyroclastic layers (enter the letter only).

A

Stratovolcanoes

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14
Q

massive, gently sloping volcanoes built of successive, basaltic lava flows (enter the letter only)

A

Shield volcano

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15
Q

The recent (geologically) volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is ________.

A

related to intraplate, hot spot volcanism

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16
Q

A basalt magma typically erupts in what form?

A

Lava flow

17
Q

A rhyolite magma typically erupts in what form?

A

Fine ash

18
Q

The ________ ocean basin is rimmed by the most subduction zones.

A

Pacific

19
Q

Consider the Volcanic Explosivity Index. How long would you expect a volcanic eruption like Mt. Saint Helens to last?

A

More than 12 hours

20
Q

Felsic Descripition

A 
High Silica Content - 70%
Color - light tan, grey, pink
Weight - lightest
Cooling temp: 700-900 degrees C
CRAZY EXPLOSIVE 🔥🔥🔥🔥
Example: Rhoylite
21
Q

Intermediate Description

A 
Silica Content: 60% Intermediate
Color: dark gray
Weight: andesite 
Cooling temp: 900-1100 degree C
Example: Andesite

STILL EXPLOSIVE BUT NOT AS BAD AS FELSIC

22
Q

Mafic Description

A 
50% low silica Content
Black 
More dense
1100-1200 degree c
Quiet eruption
23
Q

Viscosity

A

How thick of thin substance is

24
Q

Pyropalstic flow

A

Ash Fall, has to be mixed with rocks

25
Q

Surge/Lateral Blast

A

Wind displaces air, super fast

26
Q

Lahar

A

Ash mixed with water, mudflow

27
Q

Which type of downslope movement has the slowest rate of movement?

A

Creep

28
Q

Which of the following is not a factor in the speed of downslope movement?

A

Geologic age of rock

29
Q

Which is the fastest type of downslope movement?

A

Rock fall/ avalanches

30
Q

Which of the following mass movements is most likely to occur in a geologic setting where the sedimentary rock layers are tilted (not flat)?

A

Rockslide

31
Q

T/F A triggering mechanism, such as heavy rains or an earthquake, are necessary for downslope movement to occur.

A

False

32
Q

Rapid downslope movements are more likely to occur along well-forested slopes than newly burned slopes.

A

False

33
Q

4 causes of Tsunami:

A

Thrust Fault,
Volcanic Eruption, flank collapses,shield volcano collapses into the ocean
Landslides- above water or under.
Asteroid and comet impact

34
Q

Magma Vs Lava

A

Magma: underground molten rock
Lava: above ground

35
Q

Harmonic Tremor

A

Low Frequency ground movement that precedes many eruptions

36
Q

Tilt Meter

A

Small changes in the summit elevations or slope steepness

Natural Disasters (1 decks)

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