Chapter 5 - 7th Grade Flashcards
What is an organisms genetic material called?
DNA
Who is Mendel and what did he study?
Medel was a scientist who studies genetics by doing controlled breeding experiments with pea plants
Name three of the four nitrogen bases…
adenine(A)
cytosine(C)
thymine(T)
guanine (G)
What plant did Mendel use in his experiments?
pea plants
What is a genotype?
Two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait
What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA= genetic material and RNA= carries proteins
What does dominant trait mean?
Dominant trait is a genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
What does recessive trait mean?
Recessive trait is a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant trait
What are mutations?
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA on a chromosome
How many nitrogen bases do nucleotides have?
4 (A, C, T, G)
What occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait?
polygenic inheritance
What is the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule?
replication
What is the difference from homozygous and heterzygous?
Homozygous= two alleles have the same genotype
Heterozygous=two alleles have different genotypes
What is the difference between translation and transcription?
Translation=making a protein from MRNA
Transcription=making MRNA from DNA
