Chapter 5

Question 1

Hellenistic

Answer 1

relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC.

Question 2

mycenaeans

Answer 2

a group of indo-europeans who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms

Question 3

trojan war

Answer 3

a war fought around 1200 BC, where an army led by Mycenaean kings attacked the city of Troy

Question 4

phalanx

Answer 4

a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

Question 5

homer

Answer 5

a Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Question 6

Persian wars

Answer 6

a series of wars between the Greeks (mainly Athens) and the Persians in which the Greeks were usually victorious

Question 7

polis

Answer 7

city-state made up of a city with a surrounding countryside.

Question 8

acropolis

Answer 8

a place where citizen gathered to discuss a city government.

Question 9

oligarchy

Answer 9

a government ruled by a few powerful people.

Question 10

aristocracy

Answer 10

a government ruled by a small group of noble land owning families.

Question 11

helots

Answer 11

peasants forced to stay on the land they worked.

Question 12

democracy

Answer 12

rule by the people

Question 13

Peloponnesian war

Answer 13

was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.

Question 14

philosopher

Answer 14

a person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline.

Question 15

Philip ll

Answer 15

king of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great

Question 16

macedonia

Answer 16

A region of southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula roughly coextensive with ancient Macedon and including parts of modern-day Greece, Bulgaria, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.

Question 17

Alexander the Great

Answer 17

was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20.

Question 18

Darius lll of Persia

Answer 18

the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, from 336 BC to 330 BC.

Question 19

Pericles

Answer 19

Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.

Question 20

socrates

Answer 20

was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher.