Chapter 5 Flashcards
Harriet Tubman
Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground railroad. She lead more than 70 people to freedom in the north, served in the union during the Civil War, and champion and woman suffrage.
Abolitionist
A supporter, especially in the early 19th century, ending the institution of slavery.
Civil Rights
The government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary and discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals.
Equal Protection Clause
Section of the 14th amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive “equal protection of the laws”.
Frederick Douglass
A former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffragist.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Leading 19th century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who, along with Lucretia Mott, organized the Seneca Falls convention. Stanton later founded the national woman suffrage Association (NWSA) with Susan B Anthony.
Lucretia Mott
Leading 19th century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist, who along with Elizabeth Caddy Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Convention.
Seneca Falls Convention
First major feminist meeting, held in New York State in 1848, which produced the historic “declaration of sentiments¨ calling for equal rights for women.
Dred Scott v. Stanford (1857)
A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African-Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the proslavery south and the abolitionist north in the run up to the Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation on January 1, 1863 in the third year of the Civil War. It freed all slaves and states that were in active rebellion against the United States.
Thirteenth Amendment
One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically bans slavery in the United States.
Fourteenth Amendment
One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all US citizens.
Fifteenth Amendment
One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically enfranchise newly freed male slaves.
Susan B. Anthony
19th century feminist, suffragist, and founder of National Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Caddy Stanton. Anthony later formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), which along with the National Woman’s Party (NWP) helped to ensure ratification of the 19th amendment.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Passed by congress to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection to African Americans. Granted equal access to public accommodations among other provisions.
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. All were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period. The laws were enforced until 1965.
Poll Tax
A tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual. Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments from ancient times until the 19th century.
Grandfather Clause
A clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.
Progressive Era (1890-1920)
People who believed that the problems society faced (poverty, violence, greed, racism, class warfare) could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
A landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”.
Separate-But-Equal Doctrine
A legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
A civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.
