Chapter 5 Flashcards

Civil Rights

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1
Q

Civil rights

A
  • Guarantee equal protection under law

- Rooted in the 14th Amendment

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2
Q

14th Amendment

A
  • Those born in the US are citizens

- Right to life liberty and property

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3
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A

Implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the US and gave African-Americans full equality before the law.

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4
Q

Enforcement Act of 1870

A

Set out criminal penalties on those who interfered with the right to vote.

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5
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1872

A
  • Known as the anti Klu Klux Klan Act
  • Made it a crime for anyone to use law or custom to deprive an individual of rights, privileges, and immunities secured by the Constitution or by any federal law.
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6
Q

The Second Civil Rights Act (1875)

A

Declare that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations and places of public amusement.

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7
Q

Plessy vs Ferguson

A
  • African-American Homer Plessy was told to leave a train because it was only for whites.
  • introduced the “separate but equal” doctrine
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8
Q

Separate but equal

A

Separation of races in places they could interact with each other do not imply inferiority of race.

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9
Q

Voting barriers

A
  • grandfather clause
  • poll taxes
  • white primary
  • literacy tests
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10
Q

Grandfather clause

A

Restricted voting to those who can prove that their ancestors had voted before 1867

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11
Q

White primary

A

Prevented African Americans from voting in the primaries.

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12
Q

Poll taxes

A

Required payment of a fee to vote.

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13
Q

Literacy tests

A

Only people who could read can vote.

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14
Q

Brown vs Board of Education

A

Ruled that “separate but equal” doctrine segregation is against the 14th Amendment.

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15
Q

De jure segregation

A

Racial segregation due to laws.

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16
Q

De facto segregation

A

Racial segregation because of past social and economic conditions

17
Q

Civil disobedience

A

nonviolent protest to unjust laws

18
Q

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

Banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender or national origin

19
Q

The Voting Rights Act of 1865

A
  • Passed because only 29% of African Americans of voting age were registered in the southern states.
  • outlawed discriminatory voter registration tests
20
Q

The Civil Rights Act of 1968

A

Banned discrimination in housing and mortgage

21
Q

What percent of African Americans were registered to vote as a result of the voting right acts?

A

56% of African Americans by 1980

22
Q

Affirmative action

A

A policy in educational admissions and job hiring that gives special attention or compensation to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome the effects of past discrimination

23
Q

Reverse discrimination

A

The situation in which an affirmative action program discriminates against those who do not have minority status like a competent white student cannot have access to a university simply because he is not black or any other minority

24
Q

Congressional Union

A
  • Founded by Alice Paul in the early 1900s
  • Adopted a national strategy of amending the Constitution by civil disobedience
  • Led to the passing of the 19th Amendment
25
Q

Congressional Union

A
  • Founded by Alice Paul in the early 1900s
  • Adopted a national strategy of amending the Constitution by civil disobedience
  • Led to the passing of the 19th Amendment
26
Q

19th Amendment

A

Women are allowed to vote too

27
Q

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

A
  • Prohibits gender discrimination in employment

- States that sexual harassment is part of gender discrimination

28
Q

The Equal Pay Act

A
  • Required employers to pay women equally as men

- Did not address that male jobs pay more money than female jobs

29
Q

Stonewall incident

A

Marked the beginning of the movement for gay and lesbian rights

30
Q

Bowers vs Hardwick

A

made homosexual acts illegal

31
Q

Lawrence vs Texas

A

Ruled that sodomy laws violated the 14th Amendment

32
Q

Sodomy laws

A

Laws that defined certain sexual acts as crimes, like homosexuality, bestiality, etc

33
Q

Defense of Marriage Act

A

Made state governments to ignore homosexual couples and ignore same-sex marriages performed in other states

34
Q

Common law

A

Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs

35
Q

Civil law

A

the law regulating conduct between private persons over non criminal matters including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions

36
Q

Criminal law

A

the law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations

37
Q

Majority

A

he age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs

38
Q

Felony

A

a serious crime punishable in most jurisdictions buy a prison sentence longer than 1 year