Chapter 5 Flashcards
Civil Rights
Civil rights
- Guarantee equal protection under law
- Rooted in the 14th Amendment
14th Amendment
- Those born in the US are citizens
- Right to life liberty and property
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the US and gave African-Americans full equality before the law.
Enforcement Act of 1870
Set out criminal penalties on those who interfered with the right to vote.
Civil Rights Act of 1872
- Known as the anti Klu Klux Klan Act
- Made it a crime for anyone to use law or custom to deprive an individual of rights, privileges, and immunities secured by the Constitution or by any federal law.
The Second Civil Rights Act (1875)
Declare that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations and places of public amusement.
Plessy vs Ferguson
- African-American Homer Plessy was told to leave a train because it was only for whites.
- introduced the “separate but equal” doctrine
Separate but equal
Separation of races in places they could interact with each other do not imply inferiority of race.
Voting barriers
- grandfather clause
- poll taxes
- white primary
- literacy tests
Grandfather clause
Restricted voting to those who can prove that their ancestors had voted before 1867
White primary
Prevented African Americans from voting in the primaries.
Poll taxes
Required payment of a fee to vote.
Literacy tests
Only people who could read can vote.
Brown vs Board of Education
Ruled that “separate but equal” doctrine segregation is against the 14th Amendment.
De jure segregation
Racial segregation due to laws.
De facto segregation
Racial segregation because of past social and economic conditions
Civil disobedience
nonviolent protest to unjust laws
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender or national origin
The Voting Rights Act of 1865
- Passed because only 29% of African Americans of voting age were registered in the southern states.
- outlawed discriminatory voter registration tests
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
Banned discrimination in housing and mortgage
What percent of African Americans were registered to vote as a result of the voting right acts?
56% of African Americans by 1980
Affirmative action
A policy in educational admissions and job hiring that gives special attention or compensation to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome the effects of past discrimination
Reverse discrimination
The situation in which an affirmative action program discriminates against those who do not have minority status like a competent white student cannot have access to a university simply because he is not black or any other minority
Congressional Union
- Founded by Alice Paul in the early 1900s
- Adopted a national strategy of amending the Constitution by civil disobedience
- Led to the passing of the 19th Amendment
Congressional Union
- Founded by Alice Paul in the early 1900s
- Adopted a national strategy of amending the Constitution by civil disobedience
- Led to the passing of the 19th Amendment
19th Amendment
Women are allowed to vote too
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Prohibits gender discrimination in employment
- States that sexual harassment is part of gender discrimination
The Equal Pay Act
- Required employers to pay women equally as men
- Did not address that male jobs pay more money than female jobs
Stonewall incident
Marked the beginning of the movement for gay and lesbian rights
Bowers vs Hardwick
made homosexual acts illegal
Lawrence vs Texas
Ruled that sodomy laws violated the 14th Amendment
Sodomy laws
Laws that defined certain sexual acts as crimes, like homosexuality, bestiality, etc
Defense of Marriage Act
Made state governments to ignore homosexual couples and ignore same-sex marriages performed in other states
Common law
Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs
Civil law
the law regulating conduct between private persons over non criminal matters including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions
Criminal law
the law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations
Majority
he age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs
Felony
a serious crime punishable in most jurisdictions buy a prison sentence longer than 1 year
