Chapter 5 Flashcards
The deep system carries what % of limb blood
Carries 85% of limb blood volume
Calf muscle veins are often considered_____
Deep Veins
(Gastroc Veins)
(Soleal Veins)
Deep veins….
- ) Have an adjacent artery
2. ) Are paired in the calf
What % of studies does does FV duplicity occur in the thigh?
30% in some studies
A bifed femoral vein is
Not Uncommon
Gastrocs drain the _______ and drain into the ______
Gastrocnemius Muscles
Popliteal Vein
Soleal veins or soleal sinuses lie in the deeper soleal muscle and drain into ________
Posterior Tibial or Peroneals Veins
If a pt complains of pain/tenderness in the calf region the sonographer should
Scan and look for thrombosed soleal or gastrocnemius veins
The GSV (Great Saphenous Vein) joins the deep system at _____
CFV
The GSV carries approximately what % of venous blood volume in the leg?
15%
Does the GSV have an adjacent artery?
NO
The GSV is often anomalous with
Double Systems 8% or
Non-Continuous 25%
Saphenous veins are contained within
Fascial Envelopes
Fascial Envelopes are aka
Cleopatra’s Eye
An anterior or accessory saphenous vein is often present in_______
The anterior thigh and communicates proximally with the GSV
The SSV (Small Saphenous Vein) typical confluence is at
The popliteal vein
In what % of the population will the SSV enter above the popliteal vein or join the Giacomini vein?
20-30%
Does the SSV have an adjacent artery?
NO
Perforator veins course which direction?
From Superficial to Deep System
Perforator veins have what that prevent flow from moving from deep to superficial?
Valves
Blood flow to tissue in the upper and lower extremities is governed by:
Contractility of the heart
Intraluminal blood pressure
Peripheral resistance in the distal end of the arterial “tree”, the capillary bed.
Small arterioles leading into capillary beds in tissue are constricted in the
Basal State
A pressure gradient exists across all capillary beds with high pressure occurring in the _____ and low pressure in the _____
Arterial Side
Venous Side
Hydrostatic pressure impedes
venous return
Venous intraluminal pressure is what when the pt in laying supine?
10 mmHg
What is the venous intraluminal pressure when the pt is standing?
80 mmHg
What is the intraluminal pressure when walking?
25 mmHg
What reduces distal venous pressure?
Walking
What is venous pressure and flow affected by?
Cardiac Activity
The effect of cardiac activity is most pronounced in the
Thoracic Vessels
Cardiac influence is usually not apparent or is reduced in the
Lower Extremities
During inspiration, the diaphragm moves downward and increases _____
Intra-abdominal pressure
IVC is compressed and venous outflow is temporarily reduced or stopped.
Flow resumes during
Exhalation
With the Reverse Trandelenburg position the pt is elevated how many degrees?
10-20 degrees
What is the reverse compression technique?
One hand pushing down with transducer and the other under the thigh pushing up against the transducer.
When is the reverse compression technique typically used?
Compress SFV at the distal thigh (adductor hiatus)
What can prevent coaptation of the popliteal vein?
Placing the transducer directly over the biceps femoris tendon laterally OR semitendinosus tendon medially in the popliteal fossa
