Chapter 5

Question 1

System of principles and processes by which people in a society deal with their disputes and problems and seeks to solve or settle them without resorting to force

Answer 1

Laws

Question 2

General rules of conduct enforced by government

Answer 2

Laws

Question 3

Governs the relationships between individuals and government

Answer 3

Public law

Question 4

Governs the relationships between individuals

Answer 4

Private law

Question 5

Important part of public law which prohibits conduct deemed harmful to public order and provides punishments for those engaged in such conduct

Answer 5

Criminal law

Question 6

Type of private law in which one party claims the wrongful conduct of another caused harm and the injured party seeks compensation for the harm suffered

Answer 6

Tort action

Question 7

Type of private law involving a claim by one party that another party has breached an agreement by failing to fulfill an obligation

Answer 7

Contract action

Question 8

Three basic sources of law

Answer 8

1. Common law 2. Statutory law 3. Administrative law

Question 9

Body of principles evolved and expanded from judicial decisions arising from the trial of court cases

Answer 9

Common law

Question 10

A new legal principle established by a decision in a case; serves as a guide to be used by courts for the legal analysis of a particular problem

Answer 10

Precedent

Question 11

Highest court with respect to federal legal questions

Answer 11

United States Supreme Court

Question 12

Bans any further action involving the same claim once a competent court has rendered a verdict for it

Answer 12

Res judicata

Question 13

Once a decision is made for a lawsuit similar lawsuits should be resolved the same way

Answer 13

Stare decisis

Question 14

Written law created by federal and state legislators

Answer 14

Statutory law

Question 15

Highest ranking enacted law in the U.S.

Answer 15

Constitution of the United States

Question 16

Amendments to the U.S. Constitution added to protect the rights of citizens

Answer 16

Bill of Rights

Question 17

Public law issued by administrative agencies to manage enacted statutes

Answer 17

Administrative law

Question 18

Describes the different procedures under which federal administrative agencies must operate

Answer 18

Administrative Procedures Act

Question 19

Branch of government which creates and enacts laws

Answer 19

Legislative branch

Question 20

The three branches of government

Answer 20

1. Legislative 2. Judicial 3. Executive

Question 21

Principle that no one branch of government is clearly dominant over the other two; a system of checks and balances

Answer 21

Separation of powers

Question 22

Holds the legislative powers on the federal level

Answer 22

Congress of the United States

Question 23

The two legislative bodies (houses) of the Congress of the United States

Answer 23

Senate and House of Representatives

Question 24

U.S. Senators for New York

Answer 24

Kirsten Gillibrand and Chuck Schumer

Question 25

State Representative for Binghamton

Answer 25

Richard Hanna

Question 26

Branch of government that resolves legal disputes

Answer 26

Judicial branch

Question 27

Nation’s highest court

Answer 27

Supreme Court

Question 28

Trial court of the federal system

Answer 28

U.S. District Court

Question 29

Appellate courts that review cases tried within federal district courts to relieve the U.S. Supreme Court of some of its workload

Answer 29

U.S. Courts of Appeals

Question 30

Writ of certiorari

Answer 30

an appeal petition

Question 31

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Answer 31

John Roberts

Question 32

Name at least two of the eight associate justices of the Supreme Court

Answer 32

Antonin Scalia / Anthony Kennedy / Clarence Thomas / Ruth Bader Ginsberg / Stephen Breyer / Samuel Alito / Sonia Sotomayor / Elena Kagan.

Question 33

Branch of government responsible for managing and enforcing the law

Answer 33

Executive branch

Question 34

Has the power to approve or veto legislative proposals; the President (federal) or Governor (state)

Answer 34

Chief Executive

Question 35

Advises the president; composed of departments responsible for different public matters

Answer 35

Cabinet

Question 36

HHS

Answer 36

Department of Health and Human Services

Question 37

Cabinet level department responsible for carrying out executive national health and human services policy and the main source of regulations affecting the healthcare industry

Answer 37

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)