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Chapter 5- Med Term > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestines into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Amino Acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

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4
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.

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5
Q

Appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum. Literally means hanging onto.

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6
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juices made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Breaks up large fat globules.

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7
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in the bile

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8
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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9
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors

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10
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine

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11
Q

Colon

A

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments.

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12
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus

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13
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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15
Q

Dentin

A

Primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.

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16
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine. Duo=2 Den=10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long

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18
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

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19
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

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20
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

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21
Q

Enzyme

A

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in -ase.

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22
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso- means inward; phag/o means swallowing.

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23
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested. Fatty acids are a category of lipids

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24
Q

Feces

A

Solid waste

25
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver, stores bile

26
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar

27
Q

Glycogen

A

Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

28
Q

Hydrochloric Acid

A

Substance produced in the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

29
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of the small intestine

30
Q

Incisor

A

Any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

31
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas

32
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine

33
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest food

34
Q

Liver

A

Large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.

35
Q

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

A

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

36
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

37
Q

Molar Teeth

A

Sixth, Seventh and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch

38
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth

39
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ behind the stomach

40
Q

Papillae (single: papilla)

A

Small projections on the tongue

41
Q

Parotid gland

A

Salivary glands within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

42
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs

43
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat, the common passageway for for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

44
Q

Portal vien

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

45
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that digests protein

46
Q

Pulp

A

Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

47
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscles at the end of the stomach near the duodenum

48
Q

Pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

49
Q

Rectum

A

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and anus

50
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

51
Q

Saliva

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands

52
Q

Saliva glands

A

Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands

53
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

54
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

55
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

56
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids one part glycorol

57
Q

Uvula

A

Soft tissue hanging form the middle of the soft palate

58
Q

Villi (singular villus)

A

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the blood stream

Chapter 5- Med Term (6 decks)

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