Chapter 5,6,7 Flashcards
may be linear or cyclic
Metabolic pathways
T/f: living organisms constantly make energy
False
T/f: pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis that moves fluid
True
T/f: cofactors assist some enzymes in proper functioning
True
T/f: all digestive enzymes work best in acidic pH
False
T/f: biologist use the concept of entropy as it applies to chemical bonding
True
T/f: in feedback inhibition, an activity is decreased or stopped by the results from that activity
True
T/f: Energy tends to concentrate spontaneously
False
T/f: cell membranes are made entirely from phospholipids
False
T/f: environmental factors control enzyme activity by reducing the reactions activation energy
False
T/f: diffusion occurs more slowly at lower pressures
True
T/f: enzymes force reactions to occur
False
T/f: osmosis requires no energy input
True
T/f: Endergonic reactions release energy
False
T/f: the more a person drinks, the fewer liver cells are available to break down alcohol
True
In allosteric regulation, enzymes are controlled by _________
A substance binding outside the active site
Where does most of the energy that fuels live come from originally
Sunlight
What type of membrane trafficking is a selective means of engulfing large molecules
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Organic cofactors are called_________
Coenzymes
Too much salt interferes with enzymes by___________
Interfering with hydrogen bonds
When a chemical bond forms, what happens to the entropy of the atoms?
It decreases
One molecule accepts electrons from another during a________reaction
Redox
According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be ________ nor________
Created, destroyed
Which type of membrane protein responds to external signals?
Receptor proteins
The rate of an enzyme’s activity typically increases with________, up to a point
Increased temperature
Which factor below influences the overall direction of diffusion
Solute concentration
What controls enzyme specificity
The active site
Which type of diffusion does not require energy but does need assistance?
Facilitated diffusion
Cells store energy by creating compounds via_________reactions
Endergonic
People with an overactive form of _________ feel ill after drinking even the smallest amounts of alcohol
ADH
What pigment is responsible for the red and purple tones of autumn leaves?
Anthocyanin
Algae that live far below the sea surface contain pigments that absorb_________ and _________ light the best.
Green, blue green
The light dependent reactions of the cyclic pathway produce _________
ATP
CAM plants fix carbon at night because__________
That is when water loss is minimized
Where does photosynthesis take place in eukaryotes?
Chloroplasts
Where does photosystem II obtain its electrons?
Water molecules
The starting molecule of the light independent reactions is_______
RuBP
What wavelength of light has the most potential energy for photosynthesis
Violet
What scientist performed early experiments and testing the bags of wavelengths of light on photosynthesis
Theodor engelmann
Which plant(s) overcome the inefficiencies of photorespiration through a secondary carbon fixation process
C4 only
Different photosynthesizers these different pigments as a function of_________
The environment of the photosynthesizer
The second stage of photosynthesis________
Synthesizes sugar molecules
__________is the process of converting inorganic carbon to an organic molecule
Carbon fixation
Plants appear green because_________
Clorophyll a reflects greenlight
Molecule that carries or stores energy
ATP
The capacity to do work
Energy
The energy of motion
Kinetic energy
Stored energy
Potential energy
Measure of how much energy of a system is dispersed
Entropy
Minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
Activation energy
Describes a reaction that requires a net and put the free energy to proceed
Endergonic
Describes a reaction that ends with and that release of free energy
Exergonic
The Excelerator shouldn’t of a chemical reaction by molecule that is unchanged by participating in the reaction
Catalysis
Allow only certain substances to pass through transport protein
Selective permeability
The net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient moves substances into and out of cells
Diffusion
Requires energy movement against the concentration gradient from low to high
Active transport
Describes the fluid that has a high saw you concentration relative to another fluid separated by a semi permeable membrane
Hypertonic
Low solute concentration relative to another fluid separated
Hypotonic
Describes 2 fluids with identical solute concentration’s and separated by a semi permeable membrane
Isotonic
Organism that makes it’s own food using energy from the environment
Autotroph
Organism that obtains carbon from organic compounds assembled by other organisms
Heterotrophs
An organic molecule that can absorb light of certain wavelengths
Pigment
Process by which light energy breaks down the molecule
Photolysis
Going out
Exocytosis
Going in
Endocytosis
Producers that get energy from the environment (sun)
Autotrophs
Consumers get energy from autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs feed on__________
All animals
All fungi
Bacteria
Proteists
Light travels in_______
Waves
Measure of crests of one wave of light.( shorter the wavelength greater the energy)
Wavelength
An organic molecule that absorbs light
Pigment
Light dependent reactions
Light reactions
Light independent reactions
Calvin benson cycle
Contains oxygen
Aerobic
No oxygen present
Anaerobic
3 stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Acetyl-COA formation and Krebs cycle
Electron transfer chain for atp
