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Bio 101 > Chapter 5,6,7 > Flashcards

Chapter 5,6,7 Flashcards

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1
Q

may be linear or cyclic

A

Metabolic pathways

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2
Q

T/f: living organisms constantly make energy

A

False

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3
Q

T/f: pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis that moves fluid

A

True

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4
Q

T/f: cofactors assist some enzymes in proper functioning

A

True

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5
Q

T/f: all digestive enzymes work best in acidic pH

A

False

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6
Q

T/f: biologist use the concept of entropy as it applies to chemical bonding

A

True

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7
Q

T/f: in feedback inhibition, an activity is decreased or stopped by the results from that activity

A

True

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8
Q

T/f: Energy tends to concentrate spontaneously

A

False

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9
Q

T/f: cell membranes are made entirely from phospholipids

A

False

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10
Q

T/f: environmental factors control enzyme activity by reducing the reactions activation energy

A

False

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11
Q

T/f: diffusion occurs more slowly at lower pressures

A

True

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12
Q

T/f: enzymes force reactions to occur

A

False

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13
Q

T/f: osmosis requires no energy input

A

True

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14
Q

T/f: Endergonic reactions release energy

A

False

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15
Q

T/f: the more a person drinks, the fewer liver cells are available to break down alcohol

A

True

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16
Q

In allosteric regulation, enzymes are controlled by _________

A

A substance binding outside the active site

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17
Q

Where does most of the energy that fuels live come from originally

A

Sunlight

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18
Q

What type of membrane trafficking is a selective means of engulfing large molecules

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

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19
Q

Organic cofactors are called_________

A

Coenzymes

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20
Q

Too much salt interferes with enzymes by___________

A

Interfering with hydrogen bonds

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21
Q

When a chemical bond forms, what happens to the entropy of the atoms?

A

It decreases

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22
Q

One molecule accepts electrons from another during a________reaction

A

Redox

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23
Q

According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be ________ nor________

A

Created, destroyed

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24
Q

Which type of membrane protein responds to external signals?

A

Receptor proteins

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25
Q

The rate of an enzyme’s activity typically increases with________, up to a point

A

Increased temperature

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26
Q

Which factor below influences the overall direction of diffusion

A

Solute concentration

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27
Q

What controls enzyme specificity

A

The active site

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28
Q

Which type of diffusion does not require energy but does need assistance?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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29
Q

Cells store energy by creating compounds via_________reactions

A

Endergonic

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30
Q

People with an overactive form of _________ feel ill after drinking even the smallest amounts of alcohol

A

ADH

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31
Q

What pigment is responsible for the red and purple tones of autumn leaves?

A

Anthocyanin

32
Q

Algae that live far below the sea surface contain pigments that absorb_________ and _________ light the best.

A

Green, blue green

33
Q

The light dependent reactions of the cyclic pathway produce _________

A

ATP

34
Q

CAM plants fix carbon at night because__________

A

That is when water loss is minimized

35
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place in eukaryotes?

A

Chloroplasts

36
Q

Where does photosystem II obtain its electrons?

A

Water molecules

37
Q

The starting molecule of the light independent reactions is_______

A

RuBP

38
Q

What wavelength of light has the most potential energy for photosynthesis

A

Violet

39
Q

What scientist performed early experiments and testing the bags of wavelengths of light on photosynthesis

A

Theodor engelmann

40
Q

Which plant(s) overcome the inefficiencies of photorespiration through a secondary carbon fixation process

A

C4 only

41
Q

Different photosynthesizers these different pigments as a function of_________

A

The environment of the photosynthesizer

42
Q

The second stage of photosynthesis________

A

Synthesizes sugar molecules

43
Q

__________is the process of converting inorganic carbon to an organic molecule

A

Carbon fixation

44
Q

Plants appear green because_________

A

Clorophyll a reflects greenlight

45
Q

Molecule that carries or stores energy

A

ATP

46
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

47
Q

The energy of motion

A

Kinetic energy

48
Q

Stored energy

A

Potential energy

49
Q

Measure of how much energy of a system is dispersed

A

Entropy

50
Q

Minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

51
Q

Describes a reaction that requires a net and put the free energy to proceed

A

Endergonic

52
Q

Describes a reaction that ends with and that release of free energy

A

Exergonic

53
Q

The Excelerator shouldn’t of a chemical reaction by molecule that is unchanged by participating in the reaction

A

Catalysis

54
Q

Allow only certain substances to pass through transport protein

A

Selective permeability

55
Q

The net movement of molecules down a concentration gradient moves substances into and out of cells

A

Diffusion

56
Q

Requires energy movement against the concentration gradient from low to high

A

Active transport

57
Q

Describes the fluid that has a high saw you concentration relative to another fluid separated by a semi permeable membrane

A

Hypertonic

58
Q

Low solute concentration relative to another fluid separated

A

Hypotonic

59
Q

Describes 2 fluids with identical solute concentration’s and separated by a semi permeable membrane

A

Isotonic

60
Q

Organism that makes it’s own food using energy from the environment

A

Autotroph

61
Q

Organism that obtains carbon from organic compounds assembled by other organisms

A

Heterotrophs

62
Q

An organic molecule that can absorb light of certain wavelengths

A

Pigment

63
Q

Process by which light energy breaks down the molecule

A

Photolysis

64
Q

Going out

A

Exocytosis

65
Q

Going in

A

Endocytosis

66
Q

Producers that get energy from the environment (sun)

A

Autotrophs

67
Q

Consumers get energy from autotrophs

A

Heterotrophs

68
Q

Heterotrophs feed on__________

A

All animals
All fungi
Bacteria
Proteists

69
Q

Light travels in_______

A

Waves

70
Q

Measure of crests of one wave of light.( shorter the wavelength greater the energy)

A

Wavelength

71
Q

An organic molecule that absorbs light

A

Pigment

72
Q

Light dependent reactions

A

Light reactions

73
Q

Light independent reactions

A

Calvin benson cycle

74
Q

Contains oxygen

A

Aerobic

75
Q

No oxygen present

A

Anaerobic

76
Q

3 stages of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
Acetyl-COA formation and Krebs cycle
Electron transfer chain for atp

Bio 101 (3 decks)

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