Chapter 5 + 6 Flashcards
What is respondent conditioning?
A conditioned reflex is a stimulus-response relationship in which stimulus elicits a response because of prior respondent conditioning (Pavlov’s Dog)
What is unconditioned stimulus? (US)
Natural stimulus that produces a response
What is an unconditioned response (UR)?
An unlearned physical response
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)
Originally neutral, now elicits reflexive physical response
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
Learned reflex response to conditioned stimulus
What is operant conditioning?
Modification of behaviour by its consequences
(rewards and punishments for behaviour)
What is operant behaviour?
Behaviour that operates on the environment and can be modified by its consequences
(Behaviour controlled by its consequences)
What is respondent behaviour?
Involuntary behaviours elicited by prior stimuli and not affected by consequences.
What is counter conditioning?
Counterconditioning is removing an undesirable emotional response (fear of spiders) to a desirable one (practicing breathing while looking at pictures of spiders)
What is positive reinforcement?
Anything that when presented immediately following a behaviour causes the behaviour to increase in frequency.
What is negative reinforcement?
When something unpleasant or uncomfortable is removed or taken away in order to increase the likelihood of the desired behaviour.
What are the five categories of positive reinforcers?
Consumable, activity, manipulative, possessional and social
What is the Premack principle?
Offering a pleasurable incentive in exchange for completing an unpleasurable task.
(You can have ice cream if you eat all your vegetables.)
What is the response deprivation model?
Restricting one behaviour will cause deprivation of that behaviour.
What is deprivation?
The time during which the individual does not experience the reinforcer
What is satiation?
The condition in which the individual has experienced the reinforcer to such an extent that it is no longer reinforcing.
(A child is given a sticker every time they do something good, but now the sticker is no longer appealing)
What does it mean when a reinforcer is contingent?
A specific behaviour must occur before that reinforcer will be presented
What does it mean when a reinforcer is noncontingent?
If the reinforcer is presented at a particular time regardless of preceding behaviour.
(having a child sit next to you for story time, regardless of how good or bad the child’s behaviour was earlier that day)
