chapter 5

Question 1

Piaget- Babies using existing schemes to deal with new info/experience

Answer 1

assimilation

Question 2

Piaget - infants adjusting schemes to fit new info/experience

Answer 2

accommodation

Question 3

Piaget - grouping isolated thoughts/behaviors into a higher-order cognitive system

Answer 3

organization

Question 4

Piaget - mechanism to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to next

Answer 4

equilibration

Question 5

first Piaget stage: 0-2. infants construct understanding by coordinating sensory experiences with motor actions

Answer 5

sensorimotor stage

Question 6

first substage of sensorimotor: Piaget - first month after birth. Sensation and action are coordinated through reflexive behaviors

Answer 6

simple reflexes - Piaget’s first sensorimotor substage

Question 7

second substage of sensorimotor: Piaget - 1-4 months. Infant coordinates sensation and two types of schemes: habits and primary circular reactions

Answer 7

first habits and primary circular reactions

Question 8

scheme based on attempt to reproduce event that first occurred by chance

Answer 8

primary circular reaction

Question 9

infant becomes more object-oriented, doing beyond preoccupation with self

Answer 9

secondary circular reactions (Piaget’s third sensorimotor substage; 4-8 months)

Question 10

actions become more outwardly directed. Infants coordinate schemes and act intentionally

Answer 10

coordination of secondary circular reactions

Question 11

infants intrigued by objects and things they can make happen to objects

Answer 11

tertiary circular reactions

Question 12

infants able to use primitive symbols

Answer 12

internalization of schemes

Question 13

objects and events continue to exist

Answer 13

object permanence

Question 14

infants mistake the familiar hiding place rather than the new hiding place of an object

Answer 14

A-not-B error

Question 15

remember that kicking moves the mobile

Answer 15

what infants recall in Rovee-Collier’s experiment

Question 16

memory without conscious collection

Answer 16

implicit memory

Question 17

conscious remembering of facts and experiences

Answer 17

explicit memory

Question 18

imitation occurring after a delay

Answer 18

deferred imitation

Question 19

cognitive groupings of similar objects events people or ideas

Answer 19

concepts

Question 20

paying less attention to something seen over and over again

Answer 20

habituation

Question 21

increase in responsiveness after change in stimulus

Answer 21

dishabituation

Question 22

two or more infants focus o same object (requires ability to track another’s behavior; also, one person to direct another’s attention)

Answer 22

joint attention

Question 23

focusing of mental resources on select info

Answer 23

attention

Question 24

score that combines motor language adaptive and personal social domains in the Gesell Assessment of infants

Answer 24

intelligence

Question 25

currently used assessment: a mental scale, a motor scale, and an infant behavior profile

Answer 25

Bayley Scales of infant development

Question 26

communication based on set of symbols

Answer 26

language

Question 27

ability to produce endless number of meaningful sentences using finite set of words and rules

Answer 27

infinite generativity

Question 28

sound system of langugae

Answer 28

phonology

Question 29

units of meaning invalid in word formation

Answer 29

morphology

Question 30

way words are combined

Answer 30

syntax

Question 31

meaning of words and sentences

Answer 31

semantics

Question 32

appropriate use of language in different context

Answer 32

pragmatics

Question 33

smallest sound unit in language

Answer 33

phoneme

Question 34

words child understands

Answer 34

receptive vocab

Question 35

words child uses

Answer 35

expressive/spoken vocab

Question 36

“See doggie”

Answer 36

example of two-word utterance (18-24 months) called Telegraphic Speech

Question 37

area in brain left frontal lob involved in speech production

Answer 37

broca’s area

Question 38

left hemisphere brain area for language comprehension

Answer 38

Wernicke’s area

Question 39

loss/impairment of language caused by brain damage

Answer 39

aphasia

Question 40

children are born with biological endowment enabling them to detect features and rules of language

Answer 40

language acquisition device

Question 41

language spoken in higher pitch with simple words and sentences

Answer 41

child-directed speech (the way I talk to ginga all the time)

Question 42

rephrasing something the child said by turning into question or restating in full form

Answer 42

recasting

Question 43

restating in sophisticated form what child said

Answer 43

expanding

Question 44

identifying names of objects for children

Answer 44

labeling