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Investigative Physical Science > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter is made of these three things

A

atoms, ions, and molecules

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2
Q

Atoms, Ions, and Molecules are in…

A

constant motion in all directions at different speeds

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3
Q

the more kinetic energy and object has the ____ the object feels

A

hotter

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4
Q

As kinetic energy goes up, speed goes up. They have a ___ relationship

A

Direct

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5
Q

Speed and Temperature are ____ related

A

directly

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6
Q

Temperature is

A

the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up an object

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7
Q

when you move the particles that make up matter further apart, the ______ of that matter increases

A

Potential Energy

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8
Q

Thermal energy moves from areas of _____ concentration to areas of ____ concentration

A

High - Low

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9
Q

thermal energy is

A

the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of all the particles that make up that object

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10
Q

potential energy, kinetic energy, and thermal energy are ____ related

A

directly

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11
Q

What two factors does thermal energy depend on

A

temperature and mass

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12
Q

Heat is

A

the energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference between those objects

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13
Q

heat is measured in

A

joules

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14
Q

warm objects ALWAYS ____ cool objects but the reverse never occurs

A

heat

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15
Q

cold is

A

the absence of heat

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16
Q

a substance’s temperature change depends on these three things

A

the amount of thermal energy inside, the mass, and the nature of the substance

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17
Q

specific heat is

A

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of that material by 1° Celsius

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18
Q

specific heat is measured in

A

Joules per kilogram degree Celsius (J/kg°C)

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19
Q

water has a high specific heat because

A

the molecules have strong attractions

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20
Q

metals have low specific heat because

A

the electrons move throughout easily, which transfers thermal energy quickly

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21
Q

because water can absorb thermal energy without a large change in temperature it is useful as a ____

A

coolant

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22
Q

a coolant is

A

a substance that is used to absorb thermal energy

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23
Q

Q=

A

change in thermal energy

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24
Q

C=

A

Specific heat

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25
Q

Tf=

A

final temperature

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26
Q

Ti=

A

initial temperature

27
Q

m=

A

mass

28
Q

equation for calculating thermal energy changes

A

Q=m(Tf-Ti)C

29
Q

convection moves fastest through ____

A

liquids

30
Q

conduction moves fastest through ____

A

solids

31
Q

radiation moves fastest through ____

A

gases

32
Q

conduction and convection are prevented by _____ whereas radiation is not

A

vacuum

33
Q

Conduction is

A

the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter.

34
Q

Conduction occurs because

A

particles are in constant motion

35
Q

in conduction, thermal energy is transferred by _____ not by the movement of matter

A

collisions between particles

36
Q

Conduction spreads thermal energy from ____ areas to ____ areas

A

warmer - cooler

37
Q

the rate at which thermal energy is transferred depends on

A

the material

38
Q

the best conductors of thermal energy are

A

metals

39
Q

Convection is

A

the transfer of thermal energy throughout a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place

40
Q

convection currents form when a liquid is heated from ____

A

the bottom

41
Q

Warm liquids ___ and cold liquids ____

A

rise - sink

42
Q

radiation is

A

the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves (when matter is not present)

43
Q

radiation does not require a ____

A

medium

44
Q

when radiation occurs some of the energy is ____ some is ____ and some may even be _____

A

absorbed - reflected - transmitted

45
Q

a forced heating system is

A

when a furnace burns fuel to heat the air then a fan blows the air through ducts which leads to vents (most popular type of heating system in the US)

46
Q

a radiator system is

A

a radiator is a closed metal container that contains hot water or steam which is heated by a central furnace. The steam is then carried through the pipes to radiators in the other room ( this uses conduction and radiation because particles from the Steam Heat particles in the metal which heat particles in the surrounding air they also use convection to move the air warmer throughout the rooms)

47
Q

a heating system is

A

when electric heating coils transform electrical energy into thermal energy and transfers heat from coils to Air then distributes warm air throughout the room

48
Q

passive solar heating is

A

when materials inside a building absorbs radiant energy from the Sun and heat up during the day at night when the building begins to cool thermal energy absorbed by these materials help to keep the room warm

49
Q

active solar heating uses

A

solar collectors to turn radiant energy into thermal energy. Radiation from the sun heats air or water in the solar collector by transforming radiant energy into thermal energy a pump circulates the hot fluid to radiators in rooms of the house

50
Q

thermal energy, heat, and work are all ____ related

A

directly

51
Q

the heat to a system is

A

the amount of thermal energy that crosses the boundary of that system

52
Q

the work done to a system is

A

the work done by something outside the system’s boundary

53
Q

the first law of thermodynamics says

A

the increase in thermal energy of a system equals the work done on the system plus the heat to the system

54
Q

the temperature of a system can be increased by (3 things):

A
  1. adding heat to the system
  2. doing work on the system
  3. both
55
Q

the increase in energy of a system ____ the energy added to the system

A

equals

56
Q

a system is not isolated if there are

A

thermal energy transfers across the boundary or if work is done across the boundary

57
Q

a system is isolated if there are

A

no energy transfers between the system and its boundaries

58
Q

the thermal energy of an isolated system…..

A

does not change

59
Q

thermal energy ____ be transferred spontaneously from a cold object to a warm object

A

cannot

60
Q

the second law of Thermodynamics says that

A

energy spontaneously spreads from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration

61
Q

the only way that energy can move from lower concentration to higher concentration is if…

A

work is done

62
Q

a heat engine is a

A

device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy

63
Q

whenever energy transformations occur some of the energy is transformed into ____

A

thermal energy

Investigative Physical Science (10 decks)

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