Chapter 5 Flashcards
lower trip of the heart
apex
double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
pericardium
pericadial sac
fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart
parietal pericardium
- inner layer of the pericardium
- also forms the outer layer of the heart
visceral pericardium
What are the three walls of the heart?
1) epicardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium
What is the thickest of the heart’s three layers?
Myocardium
consists of epithelial tissue
inner lining of the heart
comes into direct contact with the blood as it is being pumped through the heart
endocardium
these supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium
coronary arteries
divides the two upper chambers of the heart
interatrial septum
Which valve controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary vein?
pulmonary semilunar valve
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
mitral (bicuspid) valve
Which valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?
aortic semilunar valve
this type of circulation is the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs
pulmonary circulation
- carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
- this is the only place in the body where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins
pulmonary arteries
- carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium
- this is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood
pulmonary veins
this type of circulation includes the low of blood into all parts of the body EXCEPT the lungs
systemic circulation
this type of blood flows out of the left ventricle and into arterial circulation
oxygenated blood
veins carry this type of blood into the right atrium
deoxygenated blood
- this is located on the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava
- natural pacemaker of the heart
- electrical pulses start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart
- forces blood into the ventricles
sinoatrial node
- located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum
- transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His
atrioventricular node
- largest blood vessel in the body
- begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system
aorta
arteries that carry blood upward to the head
carotid arteries
Where is the common carotid artery located?
The common carotid artery is located on each side of the neck
this artery brings oxygen-rich blood to the brain
internal carotid artery
this artery brings blood to the face
external carotid artery
deliver blood to the capillaries
arterioles
deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues
capillaries
these further slow the flow of blood to allow plasma to flow into the tissues
capillaries
it is here that the change of oxygen, nutrients, and waste materials occur within the surround cells
capillaries
- a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products
- 91% water and 9% proteins
plasma
a plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed
serum
What are the clotting proteins found in plasma?
fibrinogen and prothrombin
Which of the formed elements of the blood is responsible of transporting oxygen to the tissues?
erythrocytes
This is the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes
hemoglobin
Which of the formed elements are the most common of WBC and uses phagocytosis for defense against pathogens?
neutrophils
Which is the formed elements are the least common type of WBC and are responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies?
basophils
Which of the formed elements are responsible for destroying parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions?
eosinophils
Which of the formed elements identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria and viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them?
Lymphocytes
Which of the formed elements use phagocytosis to provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms?
monocytes
these platelets are the smallest formed elements of the blood and play an important role in the clotting of blood
thrombocytes
structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth
congenital heart defects
- atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle
- can cause angina (pain), a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or death
coronary heart disease
