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The Cardiovascular System > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

lower trip of the heart

A

apex

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2
Q

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

pericadial sac

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3
Q

fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart

A

parietal pericardium

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4
Q
  • inner layer of the pericardium

- also forms the outer layer of the heart

A

visceral pericardium

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5
Q

What are the three walls of the heart?

A

1) epicardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium

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6
Q

What is the thickest of the heart’s three layers?

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

consists of epithelial tissue

inner lining of the heart

comes into direct contact with the blood as it is being pumped through the heart

A

endocardium

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8
Q

these supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

A

coronary arteries

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9
Q

divides the two upper chambers of the heart

A

interatrial septum

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10
Q

Which valve controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

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11
Q

Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary vein?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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12
Q

Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

mitral (bicuspid) valve

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13
Q

Which valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?

A

aortic semilunar valve

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14
Q

this type of circulation is the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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15
Q
  • carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
  • this is the only place in the body where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins
A

pulmonary arteries

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16
Q
  • carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium

- this is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary veins

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17
Q

this type of circulation includes the low of blood into all parts of the body EXCEPT the lungs

A

systemic circulation

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18
Q

this type of blood flows out of the left ventricle and into arterial circulation

A

oxygenated blood

19
Q

veins carry this type of blood into the right atrium

A

deoxygenated blood

20
Q
  • this is located on the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava
  • natural pacemaker of the heart
  • electrical pulses start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart
  • forces blood into the ventricles
A

sinoatrial node

21
Q
  • located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum
  • transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His
A

atrioventricular node

22
Q
  • largest blood vessel in the body

- begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system

A

aorta

23
Q

arteries that carry blood upward to the head

A

carotid arteries

24
Q

Where is the common carotid artery located?

A

The common carotid artery is located on each side of the neck

25
Q

this artery brings oxygen-rich blood to the brain

A

internal carotid artery

26
Q

this artery brings blood to the face

A

external carotid artery

27
Q

deliver blood to the capillaries

A

arterioles

28
Q

deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues

A

capillaries

29
Q

these further slow the flow of blood to allow plasma to flow into the tissues

A

capillaries

30
Q

it is here that the change of oxygen, nutrients, and waste materials occur within the surround cells

A

capillaries

31
Q
  • a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products
  • 91% water and 9% proteins
A

plasma

32
Q

a plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed

A

serum

33
Q

What are the clotting proteins found in plasma?

A

fibrinogen and prothrombin

34
Q

Which of the formed elements of the blood is responsible of transporting oxygen to the tissues?

A

erythrocytes

35
Q

This is the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

A

hemoglobin

36
Q

Which of the formed elements are the most common of WBC and uses phagocytosis for defense against pathogens?

A

neutrophils

37
Q

Which is the formed elements are the least common type of WBC and are responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies?

A

basophils

38
Q

Which of the formed elements are responsible for destroying parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions?

A

eosinophils

39
Q

Which of the formed elements identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria and viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them?

A

Lymphocytes

40
Q

Which of the formed elements use phagocytosis to provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms?

A

monocytes

41
Q

these platelets are the smallest formed elements of the blood and play an important role in the clotting of blood

A

thrombocytes

42
Q

structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth

A

congenital heart defects

43
Q
  • atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle
  • can cause angina (pain), a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or death
A

coronary heart disease

The Cardiovascular System (2 decks)

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