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Linguistics > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

lexical entries

A

a representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language

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2
Q

lexicon

A

a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties

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3
Q

linguistic expression

A

a piece of language with a form, a meaning, and syntactic properties

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4
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

the phenomenon where a single word is the form of two or more distinct linguistic expressions that differ in meaning or syntactic properties.

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5
Q

lexical expression

A

a linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

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6
Q

determiner

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.

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7
Q

ditransitive verb

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions of category non phrase to their right result in a verb phrase

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8
Q

verb phrase

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with a noun phrase to their left result in a sentence

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9
Q

principle of compositionality

A

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

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10
Q

phrase structural rules

A

a recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories

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11
Q

phrasal expression

A

a linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions

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12
Q

prepositional phrase

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and a noun phrase.

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13
Q

phrase structure tree

A

a visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules

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14
Q

sentential complement verb

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase; a verb that needs a sentence as its complement

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15
Q

syntactic constituent

A

a group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression

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16
Q

syntactic distribution

A

refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur. If two expressions are interchangeable in all syntactic environments, we say that they have the same syntactic distribution, and therefore belong to the same syntactic category.

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17
Q

syntactic category

A

a group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties. All expressions that belong to the same syntactic category have more or less the same syntactic distribution.

18
Q

syntactic properties

A

properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely, word order and co-occurrence properties

19
Q

sentence

A

a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur in sally thinks that ___________

20
Q

homophony

A

the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form

21
Q

argument

A

a linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occur in that sentence as well. If the occurrence of an expression X in a sentence requires the occurrence of an expression Y in that sentence, we say that Y is an argument of X.

22
Q

adjuncts

A

a linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional; also called modifier

23
Q

agreement

A

the phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number, gender.

24
Q

adjective

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the comparative suffix -er or the suffix -ness can be added

25
Q

adverb

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously, etc.

26
Q

co-occurrence

A

the set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence

27
Q

conjunct

A

an argument of a coordinating conjunction such as and or or

28
Q

cleft

A

a type of sentence that has the general form It is/was X that Y, e.g. It was sally that I wanted to meet. Can be used as a constituency test.

29
Q

grammatical

A

a term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules.

30
Q

grammaticality judgment

A

an instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language.

31
Q

nouns

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the plural suffix -s or the suffix -like can be added

32
Q

noun phrases

A

the name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns, and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution

33
Q

word order

A

the linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression

34
Q

modifier

A

adjunct

35
Q

ambiguity

A

the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression

36
Q

object

A

a noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English

37
Q

subject

A

an expression, typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an English sentence

38
Q

preposition

A

the name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc.

39
Q

VP adjuncts

A

adverbs combine with a VP to form an expression of category VP

40
Q

intransitive verbs

A

verbs that require no complements

Linguistics (7 decks)

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