Chapter 5 Flashcards
Achiral
If molecule with more than one chiral center has a plane of symmetry or center of symmetry
R-Configuration
Clockwise Rank
S-Configuration
Counter-clockwise
Diastereomer
Vary by 2 configurations
Meso Compound
2 or more EVEN # chiral centers but are ARCHIRAL because have a plane of symmetry or center of symmetry
Concerted
If bond breaking & forming occurs at same time
If Keq > 1, then…
Reaction will go to the right.
If Keq > 1, will the reaction be Exergonic or Endergonic?
Exergonic
If Keq
Endergonic
Will an Exergonic reaction be spontaneous?
Yes
Will an Endergonic reaction be spontaneous?
No
Will an Exergonic reaction release energy to surroundings?
Yes
Will an Endergonic reaction release energy to surroundings?
No, energy is consumed.
Will [P] be favored in an Endergonic reaction?
No
Will [P] be favored in an Exergonic reaction?
Yes
If deltaH is negative, then…
The change is given off, Exothermic
If deltaH is positive, then…
The change is absorbed, Endothermic
Enthropy, deltaS
Measure of disorder of the system, temperature dependent
Enthalpy, deltaH
Heat of reaction, measures change in total bonding E
If deltaS is positive & Gibbs Free Energy, formation of [P] is…
Favorable
Bond dissociation Energy
The amount of E to break a given bond & produce 2 Rs
Unsaturated Compounds have what types of bonds?
Multiple Bonds
E Nomenclature
If 2 priorities are on OPPOSITE side, Enemy
Z Nomenclature
If 2 priorities are on same side
Enantiomer
When mirror images aren’t superimposable; at least 1 tetrahedral carbon
Hydroboration Steroeochemistry
Syn-addition anti-Markovnikov
Br2 or Cl2 Addition Stereochemistry
Trans, 1,2-diol
Halohydrin Stereochemistry
1,2-halo alcohol, aromatic rings don’t react
Oxymercuration Stereochemistry
Anti-addition, Markovnikov
Hydrogeneration Stereochemistry
Syn-addition, SELECTIVE for C-C double bond
What are Epoxidation Reactions reaction & products?
Reactants: Alkene, peracid
Products: Opoxide, Carboxylic Acid
What are Hydroboration Reactions reaction & products?
Reactants: BH3, THF, Alkene w/ R group
What are Halohydrin Reactions reaction & products?
Reactants 1: Alkene, Br2
Product 1: Alkane with Br party hat
Reactants 2: Product 1, water
Product 2: Alkane with Br on a C & Water on other (anti)
Reactants 3: Product 2, water
Product 3: Alkane with Br on a C and OH on other (anti)
What are Oxymercuration Reactions reaction & products?
Reactants 1: Alkene with R group, Mercury thing
Products 1: Alkane with Mercury party hat
Reactants 2: Product 1, Water, THF
Products 2: Alkane w/ Mercury on a C, Water on other (anti)
Reactants 3: Product 2, water
Product 3: Alkane w/ Mercury on C, OH on other (anti)
Reactants 4: Product 4, NaBH4
Product 4: Alkane w/ OH on C w/ RGroup, H on other C (anti)
What are Halohydration Reactions reaction & products?
Reactant 1: Alkene, Cl2, water
Product 1: Alkane w/ OH on C & X on other
Reactants 2: Product 1, OH-
Products 2: Alkane w/ O- and X
Reactants 3: Product 2, Alkane w/ O party hat
