Chapter 5 Flashcards
Syntax
A component of mental grammar that deals with constructing phrasal expressions out of smaller expressions
Grammatical
A term used to describe a sentence that is in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules of some language, especially syntactic rules
Ungrammatical
Not in accordance with the descriptive grammatical rules with some language, especially syntactic rules.
Grammaticality judgment
An instance of a native speaker of some language deciding whether some string of words corresponds to a syntactically well-formed or grammatical phrasal expression in their native language
Subject
An expression typically a noun phrase, that occurs to the left of the verb phrase in an English sentence
Object
A noun phrase that usually occurs immediately to the right of the verb in English
Linguistic expression
A piece of language with a form, a meaning and syntactic properties
Syntactic properties
Properties of linguistic expressions that dictate how they can syntactically combine with other expressions, namely word order
Word order
The linear order in which words can occur in some phrasal expression
Co-occurrence
The set of syntactic properties that determines which expressions may or have to co-occur with some other expressions in a sentence
Argument
Linguistic expression that must occur in a sentence if some other expression occurs in that sentence as well
Compliments
A non-subject argument of some expression
Adjuncts
A linguistic expression whose occurrence in a sentence is optional
Agreement
The phenomenon by which certain expressions in a sentence must be inflectionally marked for the same person, number or gender
Syntactic constituent
A group of linguistic expressions that function as a syntactic unit within some larger expression
Cleft
A type of sentence that has the general form It is/was
Syntactic category
A group of expressions that have very similar syntactic properties
Syntactic distribution
Refers to the set of syntactic environments in which an expression can occur
Sentence
a syntactic category that consists of all phrasal expressions that can grammatically occur in Sally thinks that ———-.
Noun phrase
The name of a syntactic category that consists of proper names, pronouns and all other expressions with the same syntactic distribution
Determiners
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as, the, a, this, all, ect…
Adjectives
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category
Transitive verbs
The name of a syntactic that consists of those expression of category noun phrase to their right result in verb phrase
Intransitive verbs
The name for the set of lexical expression whose syntactic category is verb phrase
Ditransitive verb
The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with two expressions of a category noun phrase to their right result in verb phrase
Adverb
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as quickly, well, furiously
Prepositional phrase
The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that contain a preposition and noun phrase
Homophony
The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes happen to have the same form
Noun
The name of a lexical category and syntactic category. Morphologically, consists of words to which the plural suffix s or the suffix like
Verb phrase
the name of a syntactic category that consists of all expressions which if combined with noun phrase to their left result in a sentence
Preposition
The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, ect.
Sentential compliment verb
The name of a syntactic category that consists of those expressions that if combined with a sentence to their right result in a verb phrase
Lexical entry
A representation of a lexical expression and its linguistic properties within a descriptive grammar of some language
Lexical category
Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties
Phrase structure tree
A visual representation of how phrases are constructed within a descriptive grammar, given the lexicon and the phrase structure rules
Phrase structure rules
A recipe for syntactically combining expressions of certain syntactic categories
Compositionality
The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined
Expressions
A piece of language with a form, a meaning and syntactic properties
Phrasal expressions
A linguistic expression that results from the syntactic combination of smaller expressions
Semantics
The study of linguistic meaning
