Chapter 5

Question 1

seismology

Answer 1

the study of earthquakes

Question 2

deformation

Answer 2

the bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress

Question 3

elastic rebound

Answer 3

the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape

Question 4

seismic wave

Answer 4

a wave of energy that travels through the Earth, away from an earthquake in all directions

Question 5

P wave

Answer 5

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in back and forth direction

Question 6

S wave

Answer 6

a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side to side direction

Question 7

seismograph

Answer 7

an instrument that records visitations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake

Question 8

seismogram

Answer 8

a tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph

Question 9

epincenter

Answer 9

the point on Earth’s surface directly above a earthquake’s starting point, or focus

Question 10

focus

Answer 10

the point along the fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs

Question 11

gap hypothesis

Answer 11

a hypothesis that is based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along a active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time.

Question 12

seismic gap

Answer 12

an area along a fault where relatively but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past.