Chapter 5 Flashcards
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
Heredity
The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring
Genetics
The offspring of two animals or plants with different forms of the same trait
Hybrid
A genetic factor that is blocked presence of a dominant factor
Recessive trait
A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor
Dominant trait
A section on a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait
Gene
Different forms of a gene
Alleles
Geneticists call how a trait appears or is expressed
Phenotype
Two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait
Genotype
when two alleles of a gene are the same
Homozygous
When two alleles are different
Heterozygous
Is a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotype of offspring
Punnett squares
Alleles shows it when the offspring’s phenotypes is a combination of the parents’ phenotypes
Incomplete dominance
When two alleles can be preserved in a phenotype
Codominance
Occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait
Polygenic inheritance
An organism’s genetic material
DNA
A molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
Nucleotide
The process of copying a DNA molecules to make another DNA molecule
Replication
A type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
RNA
The process of making mRNA from DNA
Transcription
The process of making a protein from RNA
Translation
A change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
Mutation
