Chapter 5

Question 1

What does it mean to have seen something before?

Answer 1

Recognition

Question 2

What are memory representation containing general knowledge about an object or event?

Answer 2

Schemas

Question 3

When referring to encoding, what is remembered is based on depth (aka level) of processing. The deeper the level the ______ the memory.

Answer 3

Better

Question 4

What are Intentional memory tests?

Answer 4

Subjects are informed that they will be tested.

Question 5

What is implicit memory?

Answer 5

effects of previous experience affect your normal behavior, even if you aren’t actively trying to remember something

Question 6

What reduces what you have to store grouping similar things?

Answer 6

Chunking

Question 7

What are memories of event that happened personally to you? (ex. first trip to Disney, class lectures)

Answer 7

Episodic memory

Question 8

What is retrieval?

Answer 8

Recalling information. Bringing “old” memories into consciousness

Question 9

What did Light and Sobel’s study consist of?

Answer 9

Memory being retrieved, or not, depending on cues matching the meaning during encoding. (ex. the word “jam” strawberry jam, raspberry jam, traffic jam) Cues affected the ability to recognize the word

Question 10

What are Incidental memory tests?

Answer 10

Subjects are not told they will be tested on materials they are dealing with.

Question 11

Recall and recognition are types of ______ memory

Answer 11

explicit

Question 12

What is knowledge of the world/facts? (ex. Disney is in Orlando)

Answer 12

Semantic memory

Question 13

What is the Encoding-specificity principle?

Answer 13

Better recall when there is a closer match between the encoding context and the retrieval context. (ex. If learn info in Spanish, better if tested in Spanish than English; If learn info in English, better if tested in English than Spanish)

Question 14

What is the ability of a test to detect memories that are in the storehouse?

Answer 14

Sensitivity (recall is not a sensitive test, but recognition is)

Question 15

What is encoding?

Answer 15

Processing information and storing a representation in long term memory

Question 16

What is a potential issue with the self-referencing effect?

Answer 16

Are the participants following the instructions? (ex.) “visualize the object” versus “visualize yourself using the object.” People sometimes inserted themselves into the image anyway.

Question 17

What is knowledge about how you do something? (ex. how to ride a bike, how to type my name)

Answer 17

Procedural memory

Question 18

What does not improve encoding?

Answer 18

Intention to learn and and mere repetition

Question 19

What does it mean to reproduce what we learned earlier?

Answer 19

Recall

Question 20

What is the self-referencing effect?

Answer 20

You are better at remembering information if you relate it to you

Question 21

Memory may be better if the ______________ during encoding and retrieval are similar

Answer 21

Physical environment

Question 22

Processing levels can be either deep or shallow. What does that mean?

Answer 22

(Deep) greater degree of semantic involvement / elaboration and distinctiveness. (Shallow) less semantic involvement / elaboration and less distinctive