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Intro to Physics and Chemistry > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a

A

carbon-12 atom

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2
Q

At room temperature, none of the metals are

A

gases

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3
Q

The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called

A

periods

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4
Q

The elements to the left of the dark, staircase line on the periodic table are

A

metals

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5
Q

Elements within the same vertical column…

A

have similar but not identical properties

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6
Q

The elements in a period are…

A

not alike in properties

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7
Q

Elements that do not combine with other elements

A

noble gases

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8
Q

The elements that are active. strongly nonmetallic, and react readily with metals to form salts are the

A

halogens

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9
Q

Elements that are always found free in nature and never found combined in a compound are the

A

noble gases

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10
Q

Which element is found in nature only in compounds?

A

sodium

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11
Q

The most abundant element in the Earth’s crust is ____.

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

The most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust is ____.

A

Aluminum

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13
Q

Metals that can be drawn into thin wires are described as ____.

A

Ductile

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14
Q

____ is the most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere.

A

Nitrogen

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15
Q

The ____ electrons are those found in the outermost energy level of an atom.

A

Valence

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16
Q

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of atomic masses. (T/F)

A

False, Numbers

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17
Q

Elements can be classified as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. (T/F)

A

True

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18
Q

Nonmetals are good conductors of heat and electricity. (T/F)

A

False, poor

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19
Q

The main element in oil’s composition is calcium. (T/F)

A

False, carbon

20
Q

Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. (T/F)

A

True

21
Q

Mendeelev arranged the elements in rows of increasing ____

A

mass

22
Q

At the time Mendeleev made his table, there were how many known elements?

A

63

23
Q

Means a regular, repeating, pattern

A

Period

24
Q

An arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.

A

Periodic table

25
Q

Atomic number =

A

number of protons

26
Q

Periods are based upon

A

number of energy levels

27
Q

across a period from left to right, the elements become less ____ and more _____ in their properties.

A

metallic, nonmetallic

28
Q

Metallic means-

A

active

29
Q

Vertical columns in the periodic table are called:

A

groups

30
Q

Groups are based on:

A

electrons in the last energy level

31
Q

similar electronic configurations mean…

A

similar chemical properties in a group

32
Q

transition metals are in groups

A

3 through 12

33
Q

were among the first elements discovered

A

transition metals

34
Q

Nonmetals have

A

low boiling points

35
Q

metalloids are located

A

between metals and nonmetals

36
Q

valence electrons are located in

A

the highest occupied energy level

37
Q

The alkali metals are group

A

1A (1 valence electron)

38
Q

extremely reactive, found in nature only in compounds

A

alkali metals

39
Q

Why does sodium react with water?

A

Sodium wants to achieve it’s eighth octet, but gives up one valence electron to water. Said valence electron reacts with the molecules in water, leaving one hydrogen molecule over. The hydrogen molecule then combusts, creating an explosion.

40
Q

The alkaline earth metals are in group…

A

2A (2 valence electrons)

41
Q

The alkaline earth metals are (less, more) metallic than alkali metals

A

less

42
Q

The Boron family is in group

A

3A

43
Q

Carbon family is group

A

4A

44
Q

The nitrogen family is group

A

5A

45
Q

Transition metals are in group(s)

A

3-12

46
Q

the oxygen family is group

A

6A

47
Q

The halogens are group

A

7A

Intro to Physics and Chemistry (4 decks)

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