Chapter 5

Question 0

Separate-but-equal doctrine

Answer 0

The doctrine holding that separate-but-equal facilities did not violate the equal protection clause.

Question 1

Civil rights

Answer 1

Generally, all rights rooted in the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection under the law.

Question 2

White primary

Answer 2

A state primary election that restricts voting to whites only; outlawed by the Supreme Court in 1944.

Question 3

Grandfather clause

Answer 3

A device used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867.

Question 4

Poll tax

Answer 4

A special tax that must be paid as a qualification for voting. The Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the constitution outlawed the poll tax in national elections, and in 1966 the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in all elections.

Question 5

Literacy test.

Answer 5

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

Question 6

De facto segregation

Answer 6

Racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential race patterns.

Question 7

De jure segregation

Answer 7

Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.

Question 8

Busing

Answer 8

In the context of civil rights, the transportation of public school students from areas where they love to schools in other areas to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns.

Question 9

Civil disobedience

Answer 9

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws.

Question 10

Subpoena

Answer 10

A legal writ requiring a person’s appearance in court to give testimony.

Question 11

Suffrage

Answer 11

The right to vote, the franchise.

Question 12

Feminism.

Answer 12

The movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women.

Question 13

Gender discrimination

Answer 13

Any practice, policy, or procedure that Denise’s equality of treatment to an individual or a group because of gender.

Question 14

Sexual harassment

Answer 14

Unwanted physical or verbal conduct or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipient’s job performance, creates a hostile work environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of adverse employment consequences.

Question 15

Affirmative action

Answer 15

A policy of educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups on an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination.

Question 16

Reverse discrimination

Answer 16

The chance that affirmative action discriminates against those who do not have minority status.

Question 17

Mandatory retirement

Answer 17

Forced retirement when a person reaches a certain age.

Question 18

Civil law

Answer 18

The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters. Under civil law, the government provides a forum for the settlement of disputes between private parties in such matters as contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions.

Question 19

Criminal law

Answer 19

The law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations. In criminal cases, the government is the prosecutor because crimes are violations of public order.

Question 20

Majority

Answer 20

Full age; the age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs and to the full enjoyment if civil rights.

Question 21

Necessaries

Answer 21

In contract law, necessaries include whatever is reasonably necessary for suitable subsistence as measured by age, state, condition in life, and so on.

Question 22

Common law

Answer 22

Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs. Decisions were applied to similar situations and thus gradually became more common in the nation.