Chapter 5 & 3

Question 1

Growth

Answer 1

increase in physical size

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

acquisition of skills and function

Question 3

Maturation

Answer 3

total process in which skills and potential emerge regardless of practice and training

Question 4

Cephalocaudal

Answer 4

growth and development beginning at the head and progressing downward toward the feet

Question 5

Proximodistal

Answer 5

growth and development progressing from the center of the body toward the extremities

Question 6

Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory

Answer 6

Freud’s stages of psychosocial development (focuses on children)

Question 7

Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory

Answer 7

Broadens Freud’s theory, with eight stages that span the full life cycle from infancy to old age

Question 8

Piaget’s cognitive theory

Answer 8

Concerned with the development of intellect and thought process

Question 9

Maslow’s human needs theory

Answer 9

1. Physiological needs 2. Safety and security 3. Love and belonging
2. Self-esteem 5. Self-actualization

Question 10

Family definition

Answer 10

Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption who live together

Question 11

Nuclear or conjugal family

Answer 11

known as the traditional family; consists of a husband and wife and their children

Question 12

Extended family

Answer 12

consists of the nuclear family plus grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins living together under the same roof

Question 13

Single-parent family

Answer 13

consists of an adult living with one or more children; in most cases, single parents are divorced, separated, or widowed

Question 14

Blended, or reconstituted family

Answer 14

created when one or both partners bring their children from a previous marriage into the relationship

Question 15

Cohabitative family

Answer 15

a man and a woman choosing to live together without the legal bonds of matrimony, but in all other ways this type of family resembles a nuclear or blended family

Question 16

Communal family

Answer 16

consists of a group of people who have a common philosophy, value system, and goals, and who choose to live together, sharing roles and resources

Question 17

Foster or adoptive family

Answer 17

those who take temporary responsibility for raising a child other than their own

Question 18

Same-sex family

Answer 18

two women or two men, with or without children

Question 19

Authoritarian or Autocratic family

Answer 19

parents usually make all decisions

Question 20

Authoritative or Democratic family

Answer 20

offers its members choices and encourages participation and individual responsibility

Question 21

Permissive or Laissez-faire family

Answer 21

offers its members complete freedom

Question 22

Functional families

Answer 22

a) Foster growth and development b) Promote physical and social well being c) Meet members’ needs d) Maintain stability e) Promote individuality

Question 23

Dysfunctional families

Answer 23

a) Are unable to offer stability b) Have poor interpersonal skills c) Are unable to deal with stress