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Ethics Midterm > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: The framework for ethical decision making describes how to make ethical decisions

A

False! it only outlines the factors and processes related to ethical decision making

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2
Q

Organizational pressures have a strong influence, thus people make decisions differently in business than at home. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

What four factors are included in the ethical decision making process?

A

Ethical issue intensity Individual factors Organizational factors Opportunity see image attached (slide 3)

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4
Q

Define Ethical-Issue Intensity

A

The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, and/or organization. It reflects the ethical sensitivity of the individual and/or work group, while triggering the ethical decision-making process.

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5
Q

What are the six spheres influence affecting individuals?

A

Workplace Legal system Family Community Religion Profession

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6
Q

Individual factors play a part in ethical decisions - true or false?

A

True. People base their ethical decisions on their own values and principles of right or wrong. Though values are subjective and vary across culture, dood personal values decrease unethical behavior and increase positive work behavior. Values are also learned through socialization.

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7
Q

What is a Moral intensity?

A

Relates to a person’s perception of social pressure and the harm his/her decision will have on others

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8
Q

True or false: men are more ethical than women

A

False. Women are more ethical. Education, work experience, nationality, and age also affect ethical decision making

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9
Q

Difference between Corporate Culture and Ethical Culture

A

A set of values, norms, and artifacts that members of an organization share is a Corporate Culture. An Ethical Culture reflects whether the firm has an ethical conscience; is a function of many factors

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10
Q

A significant other is those who have influence in a work group. True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

True or false: Organizational culture has a stronger influence on employees than individual values

A

True.

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12
Q

Define a Locus of Control

A

Relates to individual differences in relation to a general belief about how one is affected by internal versus external events or reinforcements. There is an unclear relationship between locus of control and ethical decision making

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13
Q

Differences between managers with External and Internal locus of Control.

A

External locus of control go with the flow because that’s all they can do Internal locus of control believe they can control events; are masters of their destinies and trust in their capacity to influence their environment

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14
Q

An opportunity can be defined as a condition in an organization that can both limit or permit both ethical and unethical behavior. True or false?

A

True

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15
Q

Where employees work, with whom they work, and the nature of the work is known as the

A

Immediate job context

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16
Q

Is there a way to explain why many employees unquestionable follow superior’s orders?

A

Yes - obedience to authority

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17
Q

How can an organization reduce opportunities for misconduct?

A

by establishing formal codes, policies, and rules

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18
Q

Knowledge can (never/always/sometimes) lead to unethical behavior

A

sometimes. A person who has an information base, expertise, or information about competition has an opportunity to exploit knowledge

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19
Q

True or false: Ethical dilemmas involve situations where rules are vague or in conflict

A

True

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20
Q

Are post-it notes the most common office supplies stolen by employees?

A

Yes, see picture attached (slide 14)

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21
Q

What is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred?

A

Guilt or uneasiness

22
Q

(Most/all/less than half/no) business people will make ethical mistakes

A

most

23
Q

The (final/first) step is deciding what action to take based on a person’s intentions.

A

Final. Critical thinking skills and ability to take responsibility are important

24
Q

Is it impossible to objectively determine if a business decision is right or wrong?

A

Yes. Understanding how ethical decisions are made will not solve ethical problems. Business ethics involves value judgments and collective agreement about acceptable patterns of behavior.

25
Q

True or false: Concepts like fairness and justice are highly important in a normative structure

A

True

26
Q

How organizational decision makers should approach an issue is known as the

A

normative approach.

27
Q

Ethical decision making in business (does/does not) rely on personal values and morals

A

Does not. Organizations take on cultures of their own. Informal relationships enforce an ethical culture

28
Q

What is the descriptive approach?

A

examines how organizational decision makers approach ethical decision making

29
Q

Are institutions important in establishing a foundation for normative values?

A

Yes, organizations face certain normative pressures from different institutions to act a certain way both internally and externally.

30
Q

(Most/none/all/less than half) organizations develop a set of core values to provide enduring beliefs about appropriate conduct

A

Most. Core values are central to an organization and provide direction for action. By incorporating stakeholder objectives into corporate core values, companies begin to view stakeholders as significant

31
Q

What are the three types of institutions

A

Political, social, and economic

32
Q

Can the amount of competition in an industry can be determined/described according to available substitutes for the products produced by the industry rivals?

A

Yes. Competition amount can be determined according to the following: -Barriers to entry into the industry -Available substitutes for the products produced by the industry rivals -Power of the industry rivals over their customers -Power of the industry rivals’ suppliers over the industry rivals

33
Q

(Competition/Ethics) affects how a company operates as well as the risks employees take for the good of the firm

A

Competition

34
Q

price fixing, antitrust issues, and consumer protection are important in maintaining a (fair/equitable/neither/both) marketplace

A

Fair and Equitable. These issues must be major considerations for business when making ethical decisions

35
Q

religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit are considered what type of institutions?

A

Social

36
Q

True or false: there are laws saying people should do to others as they would prefer to have done to them.

A

False. There are laws meant to ensure an organization acts fairly, but there are no laws saying people should do to others as they would prefer to have done to them. Many cultures adopt this rule that with standards on competing fairly, being transparent with consumers, and treating employees with respect.

37
Q

Who the fuck is John Rawls?

A

one of the most influential philosophers in his research on how principles support the concept of justice. Made the Veil of Ignorance experiment

38
Q

When values from political/economic/social/all three) institutions are embedded into the organizational culture to provide incentives for appropriate behavior, firms tend to act (more/less) socially responsible

A

All three / more. If incentives do not align with institutional normative values or if they contradict these values, then misconduct is likely

39
Q

Industry shared values promote organizational effectiveness when linked to goals. True or false?

A

True. Important that organization does not stray too far from industry norms and values

40
Q

What is the Veil of Ignorance

A

Veil of Ignorance A thought experiment that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be, made by John Rawls. Identified principles that were not biased by one’s social position

41
Q

Define the Difference Principle

A

Principle of justice that states that economic and social equalities (or inequalities) should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society. Does not advocate for the complete elimination of inequalities in society.

42
Q

The most ethical decision seeks to benefit and not harm disadvantaged populations, according the difference principle. true or False?

A

True

43
Q

The two main principles of justice are the

A

Liberty principle (equality principle) Difference principle

44
Q

Value practices (evolve/devolve/neither) and are translated into normative definitions of ethical or unethical

A

Evolve

45
Q

The liberty, or equality principle, states that

A

each person has basic rights that are compatible to the basic liberties of others

46
Q

Difference between Principles and values?

A

See picture attached (slide 30)

47
Q

(Leaders/stakeholders/organizational culture/all) impact the development of core values

A

All three impact core values - leaders -stakeholders -organizational culture

48
Q

Core values provide the abstract ideals that are (distinct/similar) from individual values and daily operational procedures

A

Distinct. Companies take basic principles and translate them into core values

49
Q

Top level support is (required/not required) for ethical behavior

A

required. An organizational ethical culture is shaped by effective leadership. An ethical corporate culture needs shared values and proper oversight

50
Q

Can individual and organizational values differ significantly?

A

Sure. Individual and organizational values can differ significantly because of ethical diversity among individuals.

Ethics Midterm (6 decks)

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