Chapter 5 Flashcards
Reliability is any measure comprises of two components.
True Score: the real score on a variable.
Measurement Error: Does not provide a reliable measure.
Reliability
Consistency or stability of a measure or behavior.
EX: Professor Jasis is reliable because he starts class at 8am every time.
Pearson Product-moment correlation coefficient (r). Measure to compute Reliability.
ranges from 0.00 to 1.00 and 0.00 to -1.00. the 0 tells us no relationship. the negative to positive signs provide us with the direction of the relationship.
Correlation Coefficient ( Reliability Coefficient)
Needs at least two scores on the measure from many individuals. You want a high positive correlation.
Concurrent Validity
Examining the relationship between the measure and a criterion behavior at the same time.
EX: High vs. low on shyness scale. Ask participant to describe themselves to a stranger and measure their level of anxiety. (Higher on the shyness scale would mean participant has higher anxiety.)
Construct Validity
The degree to which a measurement device accurately measures the theoretical construct it is designed to measure.
Content Validity
An indicator of construct validity of a measure in which the content of the measure is compared to the universe of content that defines the construct.
Convergent Validity
The construct validity of a measure is assessed by examining the extent to which scores on the measure are related to scores o other measures of the same construct or similar constructs.
Cronbach’s Alpha
An indicator of internal consistency reliability assessed by examining the average correlation of each item (question) in a measure with every other question.
Discriminant Validity
The construct validity of a measure is assessed by examining the extent to which scores on the measure are not related to scores on conceptually unrelated measures.
Face Validity
The degree to which a measurement device appears to accurately measure a variable
Internal consistency reliablility
Reliability assessed with data collected at one point in time with multiple measures of a psychological construct. A measure is reliable when the multiple measures provide similar results.
Interrater Reliability
An indicator of reliability that examines the agreement of observations made by two or more raters (judges).
Interval Scale
A scale of measurement in which the intervals between numbers on the scale are all equal in size.
Item-total correlation
The correlation between scores on individual items with the total score on all items of a measure.
Measurement error
The degree to which a measurement deviates from the true score value.
Nominal Scale
A scale of measurement with two or more categories that have no numerical (less than, greater than) properties.
Ordinal Scale
A scale measurement in which the measurement categories form a rank order along a continuum
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
A type of correlation coefficient used with interval and ratio scale data. In addition to providing information on the strength of relationship between two variables, it indicates the direction (positive or negative) of the relationship,
Predictive validity
The construct validity of a measure is assessed by examining the ability of the measure to predict a future behavior.
Ratio Scale
A scale of measurement in which there is an absolute zero point, indicating an absence of the variable being measured. An implication is that ratios of numbers on the scale can be formed (generally, these are physical measures such as weight or timed measures such as duration or reaction time).
Reactivity
A problem of measurement in which the measure changes the behavior being observed.
Reliability
The degree to which a measure is consistent.
Split-half reliability
A reliablility coefficient determined by the correlation between scores on half the items on a measure with scores on the other half of a measure.
Test-retest reliability
A reliability coefficient determined by the correlation between scores on a measure given at one time with scores on the same measure given at a later time.
True Score
An individual’s actual score on a variable being measured, as opposed to the score the individual obtained on the measure itself.
