Chapter 5

Question 1

The sequence in which the greatest growth in size, weight, and feature differentiation gradually works down from top to bottom.

Answer 1

Cephalocaudal pattern

Question 2

The sequence in which growth starts at the centre of the body and moves toward the extremities.

Answer 2

Proximodistal

Question 3

Nerve cell that handles information processing at the cellular level.

Answer 3

Neuron

Question 4

Specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other.

Answer 4

Lateralization

Question 5

A recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.

Answer 5

REM ( rapid eye movement ) sleep

Question 6

A condition that occurs when an infant stops breathing. Usually during the night, and suddenly dies without apparent cause.

Answer 6

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 7

A wasting away of body tissues in the infant’s first year, caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency.

Answer 7

Marasmus

Question 8

A condition caused by a deficiency in protein, the child’s abdomen and feet swell with water.

Answer 8

Kwashiorkor

Question 9

The perspective on motor development that seeks to explain how motor behavior are assembled for perceiving and acting.

Answer 9

Dynamic systems theory

Question 10

A newborn automatically sucks an object placed in its mouth.

Answer 10

Sucking reflex

Question 11

When the infant’s cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched, the infant turns its head toward the side that was touched in an apparent effort ot find something to such.

Answer 11

Rooting reflex

Question 12

A neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden, intense, intense noise or movement, When startled, the newborn arches its back, throws its head back, and flings out its arms and lets. Then the newborn rapidly draws its arms and legs close to the centre of the body.

Answer 12

Moro reflex

Question 13

A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms. The infant responds by grasping tightly.

Answer 13

Grasping reflex

Question 14

Involve large muscle activities, such as moving one’s arms and walking.

Answer 14

Gross motor skills

Question 15

Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.

Answer 15

Fine motor skills

Question 16

Occurs when a stimulus reaches sensory receptors-the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin.

Answer 16

Sensation

Question 17

The interpretation of what is sensed.

Answer 17

Perception

Question 18

The ability to relate and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities, such as vision and hearing.

Answer 18

Intermodal perception

Question 19

In Piaget’s theory, a cognitive structure that helps individuals organize and understand their experiences.

Answer 19

Scheme

Question 20

Piaget’s concept of grouping isolated behaviours and thoughts into a higher order system.

Answer 20

Organization

Question 21

A mechanism that Piaget proposed to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next.

Answer 21

Equilibration

Question 22

Piaget’s first sensorimotor substage, which corresponds to the first month after birth. In this substage, sensation and action are coordinated primarily through reflexive behaviours.

Answer 22

Simple reflexes

Question 23

Pisget’s second sensorimotor suvstage, which develops between one and four months of age, In this substage, the infant coordinates sensation and two types of schemes: habits and primary circular reactions.

Answer 23

First habits and primary circular reactions

Question 24

A scheme based on the attempt to reproduced an event that initially occurred by chance.

Answer 24

Primary circular reaction

Question 25

Piaget’s third sensorimotor substage, which develops between four and eight months of age. In this substag, the infant becomes more object-oriented, moving beyond preoccupation with the self.

Answer 25

Secondary circular reactions

Question 26

Piaget’s fourth sensorimotor substage, which develops between eight and 12 months of age. Actions become more outrwardly-direccted, and infants coordinate schemes and act with intentionality.

Answer 26

Coodination of secondary circular reactions

Question 27

Piaget’s fifth sensorimotor substage, which develops betwwen 12 and 18 months of age. In this substage, infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many thins that they can make happen to objects.

Answer 27

Tertiary circular reactions, novelty and curioaity

Question 28

Piaget’s sixth and final sensorimotor substage, which develops betwwen 18 and 24 months of age. In this substage, the infant develops the ability to use primitive symbols.

Answer 28

Internalization of schemes

Question 29

The Piagetian term for one of an infant’s most important accomplishments: understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched.

Answer 29

Object permanence

Question 30

The focusing of mental resources on select information.

Answer 30

Attention

Question 31

Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus agter repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Answer 31

Habituation

Question 32

The increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulation.

Answer 32

Dishabituation

Question 33

Imitation that occurs after a time delay of hours or days.

Answer 33

Deferred imitation

Question 34

An overall developmental score that combines subscores in motor, languge, adaptive, and personal-social domains in the Gesell assessment of infants.

Answer 34

Developmental quotient (DQ)

Question 35

Scales developed by Nancy Bayley and widely used in the assessment of infant development. The current version has five scales: cognitive, language, motor, socio-emotional, and adaptive.

Answer 35

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 36

A form of communication, whether endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.

Answer 36

Language

Question 37

The ability to produce a seemingly endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.

Answer 37

Infinite generativity

Question 38

The use of short and precise words to communicate.

Answer 38

Telegraphic speech

Question 39

An area in the brain’s left frontal love involved in producing words.

Answer 39

Broca’s area

Question 40

A region of the brain’s left hemisphere involved in language comprehension.

Answer 40

Wernicke’s area

Question 41

A biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain language categories, such as phonology, syntax, and semantics.

Answer 41

Language acquisition device (LAD)

Question 42

This type of speech has a higher-than normal pitch and involves the use of simple words and sentences.

Answer 42

Child-directed speech