Chapter 5 Flashcards
Horizontal Integration
Sharing of facilities and resources at different stages of production and distribution
Multimedia Chains
Corporations that own a diversified array of media operations
Vertical integration
The control of resources and assets at different stages of distribution and production
Cultural Imperialism
One society’s media exert an overwhelmingly influence over another society’s media.
Define representation
The use of language and other symbols to create messages that other people can understand and connect to in their lives.
How is representation a selective process?
Involves countless decisions about what should be included and what should be left out.
Define framing
To set up boundaries that define where representation begins and ends.
To organize the contents into what is being emphasized and what is secondary.
According to conservative observers, list 3 ways how bias operates.
Media is critical of corporations that they are also critical of market-oriented solutions to social problems.
Journalists give greater /favourable reviews of interest groups or groups that share a more personal liberal or left-wing view.
Mass media concentrates in negative events and ignoring positive aspects of social life.
List the three major criteria for framing news. I
Immediacy
Personalization
Extraordinariness
Define immediacy
Communicating news as rapidly as possible.
To generate interest and curiosity, immediacy is utilized by the news.
Define personalization
When news talks about explanations, they always reduce the reason to individual motives and psychology
Define extraordinary.
News concerns events that are out of the ordinary (basically negative)
How does negative news reinforce dominant ideology (2 ways).
1) dwelling on the negative invokes and reproduces dominant definitions of what is normal.
2) Deviance and conflict news also focuses on the actions of the people of authority (governments, police). Therefore, it reinforces the idea that there are authoritative figures that will solve the problem.
What are three broad types of news source?
Official news source
Ordinary news source
Alternative news source
What are official news sources.
Representative of dominant institutions.
Example
politicians
Police officers
Experts
What are ordinary news sources?
Play double role as eyewitness or victims of newsworthy events
They are the ones adversely affected by deviance conflict and disruption
What are alternative news sources?
Representative of social movements and social advocacy
What do alternative sources address?
Address the social problems that underlie the harm that ordinary victims suffer.
They reframe the emotions of victims into a political perspective of injustice and inequity.
Who is the primary source of information?
Official news sources
According to critical theorists, what is the outcome of the ongoing struggle for control between journalists and their sources?
The outcome depends on the power the sources exercise over the flow of info.
Example of power over flow of info.
Police enjoy this monopoly over the flow of info because there is no one else to compete with. They are the only source of credible info.
What are the two approaches to media effects?
Media violence
Audience interpretation
Cultivation analysis
Long term exposure to television may have effects that could be at odds with real-life experiences.
What is the mean world syndrome?
Those who play more violent video games and watch violent shows/movies are more likely to perceive society as more violent that it really it is.
Digital divide
Explain how access to and use of media technologies lead to exacerbation and reproduction of political inequities
