Chapter 5

Question 0

Busing

Answer 0

In the context of civil rights, the transportation of public school students from areas where they live to schools in other areas to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns.

Question 1

Affirmative Action

Answer 1

A policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination.

Question 2

Civil Disobedience

Answer 2

A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws.

Question 3

Civil Law

Answer 3

The law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions.

Question 4

Civil Rights

Answer 4

Generally, all rights rooted in the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection under the law.

Question 5

Common Law

Answer 5

Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped according to prevailing customs. Decisions were applied to similar situations and thus gradually became common to the nation.

Question 6

Criminal Law

Answer 6

The law that defines crimes and provides punishment for violations. In criminal cases, the government is the prosecutor.

Question 7

De Facto Segregation

Answer 7

Racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns.

Question 8

De Jure Segregation

Answer 8

Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public administrative decisions by public agencies.

Question 9

Feminism

Answer 9

Feminism

The movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women.

Question 10

Fertility Rate

Answer 10

Fertility Rate
A statistic that measures the average number of children that women in a given group are expected to have over the course of a lifetime.

Question 11

Gender Discrimination

Answer 11

Gender Discrimination

Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender.

Question 12

Grandfather Clause

Answer 12

A device used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867.

Question 13

Hispanic

Answer 13

Someone who can claim a heritage from a Spanish-speaking country. The term is used only in the United States or other countries that receive immigrants - - Spanish-speaking persons living in Spanish speaking countries normally do not apply the term to themselves.

Question 14

Latino

Answer 14

An alternative to the term Hispanic that is preferred by many.

Question 15

Literacy Test

Answer 15

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

Question 16

Majority

Answer 16

The age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs.

Question 17

Necessaries

Answer 17

Things necessary for existence. In contract law, necessaries include whatever is reasonably necessary for suitable subsistence as measured by age, state, condition in life, and the like.

Question 18

Poll Tax

Answer 18

A special tax that must be paid as a qualification for voting. In 1964, the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed the poll tax in national elections, and in 1966 the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in state elections as well.

Question 19

Reverse Discrimination

Answer 19

The situation in which an affirmative action program discriminates against those who do not have minority status.

Question 20

Seperate-but-Equal Doctrine

Answer 20

The doctrine holding that separate-but-equal facilities do not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 21

Sexual Harassment

Answer 21

Unwanted physical or verbal conduct or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipient’s job performance, creates a hostile work environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of adverse employment consequences.

Question 22

White Primary

Answer 22

A state primary election that restricts voting to whites only; outlawed by the Supreme Court in 1944.