Chapter 5

Question 1

Dehydration (Condensation) Reaction

Answer 1

The process by which a water molecule is formed as a side reaction to the polymerization of monomers.

Question 2

Amino Acids

Answer 2

• Are monomers that react to form polypeptides (or protein) which are polymers

Composed of

• Carboxyl Functional Group (COOH)
• Amino Functional Group (NH2)

Question 3

Hydrolysis

Answer 3

• Opposite of Condensation Reaction
• Literally means to split water
• A polymer being reduced to a monomer by the addition of an OH- and H+ group from a water molecule.

Question 4

Protein (Polymer)

Answer 4

Amino Acids (Monomer)

Question 5

Complex Carbohydrates (Polymer)

Answer 5

Simple Sugars (Monomer)

Question 6

Nucleic Acids (Polymer)

Answer 6

Nucleotides (Monomer)

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

Most proteins are folded into a complex globular shape. Each protein molecule consists of one or more chains of amino acid monomers. The amino acids are linked by peptide bonds, so a protein polymer is often called a polypeptide. Because they are so complicated, proteins are usually described in terms of four levels of structure.

Question 8

Unique Primary Structure

Answer 8

A particular number and sequence of amino acids making up the polypeptide chain.

Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins. Theoretically, the various amino acids could be linked in almost any sequence, forming an almost infinite variety of different proteins.

Question 9

Primary structure

Answer 9

Ultimately determines the shape of a protein, which determines its function.