Chapter 5

Question 0

Tension

Answer 0

A type of stress pulling of the crust

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

A force that acts on an area of rock to change its shape or volume

Question 2

Compression

Answer 2

A type of stress which squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

Question 3

Shearing

Answer 3

Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions

Question 4

Normal faults

Answer 4

Tension in earths crust which pulls rock apart

Question 5

Hanging wall

Answer 5

The block of rock that lies above in a normal fault

Question 6

Footwall

Answer 6

The rock that lies below in a normal fault

Question 7

Reverse fault

Answer 7

The place where the rock of the crust is pushed together

Question 8

Strike-slip fault

Answer 8

The place where plates move past each other

Question 9

Plateau

Answer 9

A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level

Question 10

Earthquake

Answer 10

Is the shaking that results from the sudden movement of rock along a fault

Question 11

Focus

Answer 11

Is the area beneath earths surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake.

Question 12

Epicenter

Answer 12

The point on the surface directly above the focus

Question 13

P-waves (primary waves)

Answer 13

Seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion

Question 14

S-waves (secondary waves)

Answer 14

Seismic waves that vibrate side to side and up and down

Question 15

Surface waves

Answer 15

When p waves and S waves reach the surface. Surface waves move slower than p and S waves

Question 16

Mercalli scale

Answer 16

The scale to measure earthquakes

Question 17

Magnitude

Answer 17

The number assigned to an earthquake based on the earthquake’s size

Question 18

Richter scale

Answer 18

A magnitude number to an earthquake based on the size of seismic wave

Question 19

Seismograph

Answer 19

An instrument that records and measures seismic waves