Chapter 5 Flashcards
After the return of whom, which marked the restoration of the Stuart monarchy, did the Puritan influence diminish and English morality did reach its lowest point?
Charles II
What was the first half of the eighteenth century, characterized by a return to classical standards, known as?
Age of Pope
What was the second half of the eighteenth century known as?
Age of Johnson
The two greatest literary contributions of the age.
Journalism and the novel
One of the most formal and most complex types of lyrical poetry; has a fixed purpose and deals with one dignified theme.
Ode
Using words which sound like what they mean.
Onomatopoeia
“The Father of Modern Literary Criticism” who became the chief writer of the Restoration; wrote “A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day, 1687.”
John Dryden
Philosophy that expresses that the purpose of art should be to teach and delight the audience.
Didacticism
The only poet of the early eighteenth century; the most-quoted English poet after Shakespeare; wrote “An Essay on Man” and “On a Certain Lady at Court.”
Alexander Pope
A concise saying that is often witty or satiric.
Epigram
Two rhymed lines written in iambic pentameter.
Heroic couplet
A European movement that was characterized by an interest in and imitation of classical works and styles, emphasizing conformity to fixed literary standards, proper patterns of outward social conduct, formality, restraint, polish, and elegance.
Neoclassicism
A type of extended prose fiction.
Novel
(Optional) List the three characteristics of a novel.
Realistic characters, a definite plot, and an obvious theme
One method of characterization that is telling the reader directly what the character is like.
Direct exposition
One method of characterization that allows the reader to draw his own conclusions from what the character himself does or thinks, or what other characters think about him.
Indirect revelation
The central idea that gives a work meaning: it is the interpretation of the event (plot) and persons (characters) in the story from which we learn some truth of human experience.
Theme
Who laid the foundation for English realistic fiction and gave us our first great novel of adventure?
Daniel Defoe
The first English novel to gain worldwide recognition and the first fictional narrative in which an ordinary person’s daily activities are the center of interest; its theme is the dominance of man over nature as he depends upon God’s providence.
Robison Crusoe
Remembered for beginning the famous periodicals The Tatler––which contained domestic and foreign news, poetry, entertainment, and light satires on miscellaneous subjects––and The Spectator, which contained critical and reflective essays, stories, and excellent character studies. What essayist and poet joined him in writing essays for these periodicals?
Richard Steele; Joseph Addison
What was the most famous character in Steele’s The Spectator?
Roger de Coverley
The ridicule of human folly or vice with the purpose of correcting it.
Satire
Remembered as the greatest English prose satirist. What political satire did he write which pokes fun at court life in England?
Jonathan Swift; Gulliver’s Travels
The author of Commentaries on the Laws of England, the famous legal classic known for its brilliance of thought and its elegance of style.
William Blackstone
(Optional) What are the four basic elements of a novel?
Plot, setting, characterization, and theme
How tall were the Lilliputians?
6 inches
What was Gulliver’s occupation aboard ship?
Physician
What object belonging to Gulliver did the Lilliputians find?
His hat
How did the Lilliputians gain favor in court and gain political offices?
Athletic games
What made Gulliver appear most different from other humans in Houyhnhnmland?
His clothes
What kind of animal was the Houyhnhnm?
Horse
What was the name of the humans who served the Houyhnhnms?
Yahoos
What does Gulliver say is caused by princes wanting more land, differences in opinion, and pride and hunger?
War
A short poem characterized by emotion, melody, and imagination.
Lyric
The greatest writer of the eighteenth century who wrote “A Short Song of Congratulation”: “Scorn their counsel and their pother, You can hang or drown at last.”
Samuel Johnson
Who wrote The Life of Samuel Johnson, which has been called the greatest biography in English literature?
James Boswell
Presbyterian pastor and writer known for his Commentary on the Bible; wrote “Meeting God in the Morning.”
Matthew Henry
England’s most popular preacher and most powerful revival figure in the English revivals.
George Whitefield
The great revival leader in England and America and the founder of Methodism.
John Wesley
Nonconformist pastor or “Father of English Hymnody” who wrote “Come, Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove,” “Jesus Shall Reign,” and “The Heavens Declare Thy Glory, Lord.”
Isaac Watts
What friend of Isaac Watts wrote “O Happy Day” and “How Gentle God’s Commands”?
Philip Doddridge
Poet of Methodism who wrote the first evangelistic hymns in the English language; wrote “Jesus, Lover of My Soul,” “Soldiers of Christ, Arise,” and “Come, Thou Long-Expected Jesus.”
Charles Wesley
The first hymn writer who wrote hymns for the evangelical movement within the Church of England; wrote “Rock of Ages.”
Augustus Toplady
Author of “Amazing Grace,” “Fellowship with Christ,” “How Sweet the Name of Jesus Sounds,” and “Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken.”
John Newton
Pastor of the largest Baptist church in London who published the first Baptist hymnal.
John Rippon
Language that is reserved for poetry only.
Poetic diction
Hymn writer and a pre-Romantic poet who wrote “Joy and Peace in Believing,” “Walking with God,” “The Castaway,” “Light Shining Out of Darkness,” and The Task, which contains “The Garden.”
William Cowper
The theme of what poem is about rejoicing when times are bad.
“Joy and Peace in Believing” by William Cowper
What poem is based on the life of Enoch?
“Walking with God” by William Cowper
What poem presents nature as God’s creation for man to enjoy?
The Task by William Cowper
Early transitional poet who led the way from Classicism to Romanticism and who wrote “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard.”
Thomas Gray
One of the best-known poems in the English language; a melancholy poem which reflects on nature and death; a memorial to obscure humble people (representative of society) who lie buried in the church.
“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” by Thomas Gray
One of the most versatile writers of his age who wrote The Deserted Village and “Elegy on the Death of a Mad Dog.”
Oliver Goldsmith
The theme of what poem is about lamenting that the simplicity of rural life is no more?
The Deserted Village by Oliver Goldsmith
Mystical poet and artist whose poems stress the evils of the city; the restriction of society; the necessity of individualism, imagination, and emotion; and the love of nature; wrote “The Lamb,” “The Tyger,” “The Clod and the Pebble,” “London,” and “Auguries of Innocence.”
William Blake
Scotland’s greatest poet who made the Scottish dialect popular around the world and who wrote “Afton Water,” “A Red, Red Rose,” “John Anderson, My Jo,” “A Man’s a Man for a’ That,” “Bruce’s Address to His Army at Bannockburn,” “Auld Lang Syne,” “To a Mouse,” “To a Louse,” and “The Cotter’s Saturday Night.”
Robert Burns
At the end of the eighteenth century, what country became prominent in literature largely because of the poetry of Robert Burns?
Scotland
What poem teaches that man ought to be sincere and not hypocritical?
“To a Louse” by Robert Burns
What poem is about the life of a godly Scottish family?
“The Cotter’s Saturday Night” by Robert Burns
“Liberty’s in every blow!—
Let us do, or die!”
“Bruce’s Address to His Army at Bannockburn” by Robert Burns
“The best laid schemes o’ mice an’ men,
Gang aft agley.”
“To a Mouse” by Robert Burns
“O wad some Pow’r the giftie gie us
To see oursels as ithers see us!
It wad frae mony a blunder free us,
An foolish nation!”
“To a Louse” by Robert Burns
“An’ honest man’s the noblest work of God.”
“The Cotter’s Saturday Night” by Robert Burns
“His best companions, innocence and health;
And his best riches, ignorance of wealth.”
The Deserted Villageby Oliver Goldsmith
Who wrote “How Are Thy Servants Blest, O Lord”?
Joseph Addison
