chapter 5

Question 1

valence electrons

Answer 1

electrons with the highest energy level and are held most loosely

Question 2

electron dot diagram

Answer 2

diagram that shows the symbol of an element surrounded by dots which are the valence electrons

Question 3

chemical bond

Answer 3

force of attraction that holds two atoms together as a result of rearrangement of electrons between them

Question 4

ion

Answer 4

an atom or group of atoms with an electric charge

Question 5

polyatomic ions

Answer 5

ions that are made up of more than one atom

Question 6

ionic bond

Answer 6

attraction bond between two oppositely charged ions

Question 7

ionic compound

Answer 7

a compound that consists of both positive and negative ions

Question 8

chemical formula

Answer 8

combination of symbols that show the ratio of elements in a compound

Question 9

subscript

Answer 9

tells the ratio of elements in a compound

Question 10

crystal

Answer 10

the shape that is formed when ions form an orderly 3d arrangement

Question 11

covalent bond

Answer 11

chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons

Question 12

molecule

Answer 12

neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 13

double bond

Answer 13

a covalent bond but times 2

Question 14

triple bond

Answer 14

covalent bond times 3

Question 15

molecular compound

Answer 15

compound composed of molecules

Question 16

polar bond

Answer 16

covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally

Question 17

nonpolar bond

Answer 17

covalent bond where electrons are shared equally

Question 18

alloy

Answer 18

mixture made of two or more elements, at least one is a metal

Question 19

metallic bond

Answer 19

attraction between positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it

Question 20

“sea of electrons” model of metallic bonding

Answer 20

explains malleability, ductility, luster, high electrical conductivity, and high thermal conductivity of solid metals

Question 21

key concept: the number of valence electrons in an atom of an element determines the many properties of that element, including the ways how the atom can bond with other atoms

Question 22

key concept: the periodic table reveals the underlying atomic structure of atoms, including the arrangement of electrons

Question 23

key concept: ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 24

key concept: when ionic compounds form, the ions come together in a way that balances out the charges on the ions. the chemical formula for the compound reflects this balance

Question 25

key concept: for an ionic compound, the name of the positive ion comes first, followed by the name of the negative ion

Question 26

key concept: in general, ionic compounds are hard, brittle solids with high melting points. when melted or dissolved in water, they conduct electric current

Question 27

key concept: the force that holds atoms together in a covalent bond is the attraction of each atom’s nucleus for the shared pair of electrons

Question 28

key concept: compared to the ionic compounds, molecular compounds generally have lower melting points and boiling points. and, unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds do not conduct electric current when melted or dissolved in water

Question 29

key concept: unequal sharing of electrons causes the bonded atoms to have slight electrical charges

Question 30

key concept: alloys are generally stronger and less reactive than pure metals from which they are made

Question 31

key concept: metal atoms combine in regular patterns in which the valence electrons are free to move from atom to atom

Question 32

key concept: the “sea of electrons” model of metallic bonding helps explain the malleability, ductility, luster, high electrical conductivity, and high thermal conductivity of solid metals