Chapter 5 Flashcards
refers to the ways societies define, value, and enforce roles and expectations associated with masculinity, femininity, and other gender identities.
Gender culture
This concept encompasses the norms, beliefs, and behaviors that inform how individuals experience and express their gender within a particular cultural context.
Gender culture
It helps us explore how deeply embedded societal expectations influence our identities, relationships, and opportunities in life.
Gender Culture
refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define humans as male, female, or intersex. These characteristics include reproductive organs, chromosomes, and hormone levels, which are generally assigned at birth based on visible anatomy.
Sex
Biologically, sex is often defined based on reproductive anatomy. Typically, individuals assigned as female at birth possess reproductive organs such as ovaries, a uterus, and a vagina, while those assigned as male have testes and a penis. These physical differences in reproductive structures are among the primary factors used to classify individuals into male or female categories at birth.
Sex in terms of reproductive organs
Sex is also characterized by specific ______levels that influence physical and reproductive traits. Generally, males have higher levels of testosterone, which contributes to features like increased muscle mass, body hair, and deeper voice. Females, on the other hand, tend to have higher levels of estrogen and progesterone, which play a critical role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and development of secondary sexual characteristics like breast tissue.
Sex in terms of hormones
are another biological marker used to determine sex. Most individuals assigned as female have two X chromosomes (XX), while most assigned as male have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). These chromosomal patterns guide the development of primary and secondary sexual characteristics. However, variations like XXY or XO chromosomes can occur, leading to intersex conditions that do not fit neatly into the typical male/female binary.
Sex in terms of chromosomes
Total Number of Chromosomes
In humans, the total number of chromosomes in each cell is typically _____, arranged in _____pairs.
46 chromosomes, arranged in 23pairs
These include ___ pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and __ pair of sex chromosomes, which determine biological sex (XX for most females and XY for most males)
22 pairs of autosomes, 1 pair of sex chromosomes
Individuals with _____________ have only one X chromosome (XO), totaling 45 chromosomes. This condition affects females and can result in short
stature, infertility, and certain health complications.
Turner syndrome
This condition occurs when males have an extra X chromosome (XXY), resulting in 47 chromosomes. People with ____________ may have reduced testosterone, leading to symptoms like delayed puberty, reduced muscle mass,
and infertility.
Klinefelter Syndrome
________, also known as trisomy 21, occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in 47 chromosomes. This condition affects physical and cognitive development, often resulting in characteristic facial features and varying degrees of intellectual disability.
Down syndrome
Females with triple X syndrome have an extra X chromosome (XXX), leading to a total of 47 chromosomes. While many with this condition may experience few or no symptoms, some may have taller stature and mild developmental delays.
Triple X syndrome
Males with ________ have an extra Y chromosome, totaling 47 chromosomes. Often, individuals with this condition may be taller than average and may experience some learning or behavioral challenges, though many do not have significant symptoms.
XYY Syndrome
It is a complex concept that encompasses the roles, behaviors, activities, expectations, and identities that societies and cultures consider appropriate for men, women, and other gender identities.
Gender
Unlike sex, which is biologically determine, _______ is socially and culturally constructed, meaning that what is considered “masculine” or “feminine” can vary widely across different societies and time periods.
Gender
____________ is the outward presentation of one’s gender through clothing, hairstyle, behavior, and mannerisms.
Gender expression
Society often associates certain forms of expression with masculinity or femininity, though people may choose to express themselves in ways that differ from these expectations. For example, a man may choose to wear makeup or jewelry, or a woman may have a short haircut and dress in clothing considered masculine. It is highly individualized and can vary widely across cultures and personal preferences.
Gender expression
are the expectation placed on individuals based on their perceived gender, often defining “appropriate” behavior, occupations, and activities for men and women.
Gender Roles
_________ is an individual’s deeply felt sense of their own gender, which may or may not align with the sex they were assigned at birth.
Gender identity
It can include male, female, both, neither, or any other self-identified gender label.
Gender identity
It is a core part of how individuals see and understand themselves.
Gender identity
It refers to biological differences, such as anatomy and chromosomes that are assigned at birth.
Sex
It involves the cultural, social, and personal meanings attached to those biological distinctions.
Gender
It is typically viewed as static and binary (male or female).
Sex
It is more flexible, encompassing a wide range of identities and expressions beyond the traditional categories of masculinity and femininity.
Gender
It is about who you are: how an individual personally experiences their gender, which may or may not align with the sex they were assigned at birth.
Gender identity
___________ can be male, female, both, neither, or any other identity along the gender spectrum. For example, a person assigned female at birth may identify as a man (transgender man), or as non-binary, meaning they do not see themselves strictly as male or female.
Gender identity
describes who you are attracted to-romantically, emotionally, or sexually.
Sexual orientation
It reflects an individual’s attraction to others and is independent of their gender identity.
Sexual orientation
Orientation can be directed toward people of the same gender, different genders, multiple genders, or no gender at all. Examples of sexual orientation include heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual, pansexual, and asexual, among others.
Sexual orientation
Binary gender identities refer to the traditional, widely recognized categories of male and female.
Binary gender identities
People who identify as male or female generally experience a sense of alignment between their gender identity and one of these two categories, which are typically associated with the biological sex they were assigned at birth.
Binary gender identities
It encompass a wide range of identities that do not fit within the male/female binary.
Non binary gender identities
________ people may experience gender as fluid, somewhere in between male and female, a combination of both, or entirely outside the binary.
Non binary gender identities
A ________ person experiences shifts in their gender identity over time.
Genderfluid
Their gender may change between masculine, feminine, both, neither, or somewhere outside of society’s expectations of gender altogether. These changes can vary in frequency and may depend on different situations, moods, or stages of life.
Genderfluid
________ individuals might feel masculine on some days and feminine on others, or they might not identify with any gender at all at times.
Genderfluid
________ individuals identify with both masculine and feminine qualities, or they may feel their gender identity is somewhere between the two.
Androgyne
________ people may express characteristics traditionally associated with both genders or may not fully align with either.
Androgyne
This identity often blends aspects of masculinity and femininity in a way that feels authentic to the individual.
Androgyne
It refers to a gender identity in which an individual feels connected to all genders.
Omnigender
People who identify as ________ may experience a sense of fluidity that encompasses aspects of every gender identity, potentially including identities that fall outside of the male-female binary.
Omnigender
______ people often embrace an all-encompassing view of gender.
Omnigender
_________ individuals identify with multiple genders at once, but unlike omnigender people, they may not necessarily identify with all gender identities.
Pangender
_________ individuals experience a combination of several gender identities simultaneously, which could include binary and non-binary genders. ________ identities can vary greatly, and the experience is unique to each individual.
Pangender
_________ people identify as having no gender.
Agender
They may feel a complete absence of gender identity, or they might see themselves as existing outside of gender altogether.
Agender
_______ individuals might describe themselves as gender-neutral or genderless, and they often choose language and expressions that reflect their lack of gender identification.
Agender
It is someone who wears clothing typically associated with a different gender.
Cross dresser
Unlike many other gender identities, __________ is more about gender expression than identity, and it does not necessarily reflect an individual’s gender identity.
Cross dresser
It does not imply that a person is transgender or identifies with a different gender from their birth sex.
Cross dresser
It is an umbrella term for people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.
Transgender
________ person may identify as male, female, non-binary, or with another gender that does not align with their birth sex.
Transgender
__________ people may or may not choose to undergo medical or social transition to express their gender identity in a way that feels authentic to them.
Transgender
________ is a term sometimes used to describe transgender people who seek or have undergone medical interventions, such as hormone therapy or surgery, to align their physical characteristics with their gender identity.
Transsexual
It is someone who was assigned female at birth but identifies as male.
Trans man
It is someone who was assigned male at birth but identifies as female.
Transwoman
refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction a person feels toward others.
Sexual orientation
These orientations reflect the diversity of human attraction, covering various levels of romantic and sexual interest in others or oneself.
Sexual orientation
________ people experience romantic attraction toward others.
Alloromantic
This is often considered the “norm” in society, as most people identify as _________, experiencing romantic feelings toward others regardless of gender.
Alloromantic
______ individuals experience sexual attraction to others
Allosexual
It is an umbrella term covering all forms of sexual attraction, whether toward a specific gender or multiple genders.
Allosexual
It refers to those who are primarily sexually attracted to masculine-presenting individuals.
Androsexual
_______ people are primarily attracted to femininity or feminine-presenting individuals.
Gynesexual
______ people do not experience romantic attraction toward others.
Aromantic
________ individuals experience little or no sexual attraction toward others.
Asexual
While they may form close friendships and emotional bonds, they do not have the desire for romantic relationships, though they might still experience sexual attraction if they are not asexual.
Aromantic
_______ is a spectrum, with some _______ people having a limited degree of sexual attraction under certain circumstances, while others may feel no sexual attraction at all.
Asexual
It describes people who experience romantic attraction toward themselves.
Autoromantic
This orientation may involve feelings of self-love, self-admiration, or a form of romantic attraction directed inward rather than toward others.
Autoromantic
It refers to individuals who are sexually attracted to themselves. This can mean deriving satisfaction or arousal from oneself without the need for a partner, although _______ people may still engage in relationships with others.
Autosexual
_______ people are generally attracted to one gender but are open to exploring or curious about attraction to other genders. This curiosity may or may not lead to a change in sexual orientation.
Bicurious
________ individuals experience romantic attraction toward more than one gender.
Biromantic
______ specifically refers to romantic feelings rather than sexual attraction and is an orientation distinct from bisexuality.
Biromantic
________ individuals experience sexual attraction toward more than one gender, often (but not exclusively) male and female.
Bisexual
________ is sometimes misunderstood as attraction only to men and women, but many _____ people define their attraction as inclusive of multiple gender identities.
Bisexual
_______ people experience romantic attraction only after forming a strong emotional connection with someone. Without this connection, ________ people typically do not feel romantic attraction.
Demiromantic
______ people only experience sexual attraction after building a close emotional bond with someone.
Demisexual
They may still engage in relationships and experience romantic feelings, but sexual attraction is based on emotional intimacy rather than physical appearance alone.
Demisexual
_______ people experience romantic attraction toward those of the same gender.
Homoromantic
It is separate from sexual attraction, focusing only on romantic feelings.
Homoromantic
_______ individuals are sexually attracted to people of the same gender.
Homosexual
This includes gay men and lesbians, who may prefer same-gender partners for both romantic and sexual relationships.
Homosexual
________ individuals experience romantic attraction toward people of a different gender.
Heteroromantic
______ people experience sexual attraction to people of a different gender, typically in the context of opposite-sex attraction.
Heterosexual
This is the most widely recognized orientation and is often referred to as “straight.”
Heterosexual
______ refers to people who are attracted to only one gender.
Monosexual
______ individuals experience attraction to multiple genders, although not necessarily all genders.
Multisexual
It encompasses orientations like bisexual, pansexual, and omnisexual.
Multisexual
___________ individuals feel attraction to people regardless of their gender.
Pansexual/ Omnisexual
attraction to people “regardless of gender,”
Pansexual
may imply attraction to “all genders.”
Omnisexual
It is a woman who is romantically and sexually attracted to other women.
Lesbian
It is a commonly used term for same-gender attraction among women, though it can also include those who identify as non-binary but are attracted to femininity.
Lesbian
The term “______” generally refers to a person who is attracted to people of the same gender, commonly used to describe men attracted to men, though it is also used by some women who are attracted to women. The term has also been adopted as a general term for the LGBTQ+ community.
Gay (Male or Female)
